Russian Radar systems

Note sure if this is the correct thread for this.

ASB News / MILITARY

@ASBMilitary
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Game-changer: Scientists at the National Research University of Electronic Tech “MIET” (Moscow, Russia) have created a new radar remote sensing device for aircraft and spacecraft. It can capture images regardless of lighting, weather, the presence of clouds, or tree crowns.

"It is known that the lower the frequency range, the greater the penetrating power of the wave, so our radar can survey not only through clouds and fog but also under foliage” it can accurately scan the state of soil, ice, etc

If this gets mounted on combat drones-it’s game over

JohninMK wrote:Note sure if this is the correct thread for this.

ASB News / MILITARY

@ASBMilitary
·
5h
Game-changer: Scientists at the National Research University of Electronic Tech “MIET” (Moscow, Russia) have created a new radar remote sensing device for aircraft and spacecraft. It can capture images regardless of lighting, weather, the presence of clouds, or tree crowns.

"It is known that the lower the frequency range, the greater the penetrating power of the wave, so our radar can survey not only through clouds and fog but also under foliage” it can accurately scan the state of soil, ice, etc

If this gets mounted on combat drones-it’s game over

Good shit, I remember RTI stating something about satellites being ground penetrating as well.

I´m curious, the radar systems of which opponent was "suppressed by powerful and well-organized interference"???

I would say Iraq and Serbia and most other places they have attacked, they have started with jamming and during that jamming attempted to destroy major radar sites and communications centres and HQs.

During Desert Storm they used Apache helicopters to sneak in at low altitude to destroy large radars to clear the way for cruise missile and stealth aircraft attack.

https://youtu.be/ghEKD6_WHCQ

That is it , they confirmed it themselves, modern meter wave radars hace gotten improved resolution and can perform stand alone tracking. Although it was obvious from the start, the fact that they confirmed it themselves means some folks can finally shut the **** up about meter wave resolution limitation.


And to think that some People are saying that even the higher frequency wing slat radars would be lacklustre.....

Kiko wrote:Speaking to RIA Novosti at the ARMY-2021 conference on Thursday, the general director of RTI systems, one of the country's largest defense contractors and a supplier of radar hardware and rocket technology, disclosed that the Don-2N station in the Moscow region had been upgraded. "It is now being tested," Yuri Anoshko said.

"As a result of these works, the functionality has changed," and the radar station, which underpins Russia's nuclear defense network, is now said to be unparalleled by any other in use across the globe. While Anoshko refused to reveal the nature of the added functionality, the colossal installation is a key part of the national anti-missile defense grid, and picks up potential threats at long distances in case of nuclear war.

Photonic Radar Technology, no doubt.

As I already noted, the issue of creating a prototype of a full-scale quantum locator is not on the agenda. It makes no sense to talk about any timing of the appearance of such a product yet also because many scientific and technological solutions will need confirmation of the right to exist for a long time.

Not just bandwidth and reduced power, new physical approaches to detection as well. But as he says this early days.

Smart interview to the head of RTI

Yuri Anoshko: Russian radars see all planes in the air

Along the bordersRussia has created a continuous radar field within the framework of the missile attack warning system (SPRN), which makes it possible to monitor ballistic targets. Work is underway to create a continuous field using over-the-horizon stations. The Russian Armed Forces pay special attention to the development of air and space surveillance systems, taking into account the concepts of multi-sphere operations and a massive air strike developed in NATO. General Director of the Concern "RTI systems"Yuri Anoshko on the forum "Army-2021" said in an interview with RIA Novosti, Dmitry Reshetnikov on the current capabilities of the Russian early warning system, the next directions of its development, modernization of stations to the level of "Yakhroma", about the effect of the use of U.S. technology "stealth", and also restrictions on artificial intelligence in radar, watching the space, and the nuances of working with space debris.
– What are the capabilities of the Russian missile attack warning system (SPRN)? Which ballistic missile launches can we track and which can't, and is the system capable of detecting hypersonic vehicles?
– In fact, Russian EWS stations can see any target that is above the horizon. We are also talking about aerodynamic objects, such as airplanes, as well as hypersonic vehicles. The question is, what size is the target, and at what distance do we need to accompany it?
– And at what maximum range are we currently able to detect missiles or other objects?
– Today, we see spacecraft in geostationary orbit using the radar stations that are part of the early warning system. This is an altitude above the Earth's surface of more than 30 thousand kilometers.
– Earlier, the Russian Defense Ministry announced plans to create a continuous radar field not only for ballistic targets, but also for aerodynamic targets. It was about the Container stations, the first of which was put on combat duty in Mordovia. How many such stations will you need? In which regions are they planned to be delivered and in what time frame?
– If the EWS stations see targets that are above the level of the radio horizon, then the Container radars are just able to look beyond the radio horizon due to the fact that they use decameter-length waves that are re-reflected from the ionosphere. How many such stations will be required is a question for the Ministry of Defense, which orders the required number, we do not make such estimates. As I imagine, these stations should be deployed along our border and cover the corresponding space.
– In addition to the" Container " in Mordovia, any other work is currently underway?
– Yes, the Ministry of Defense has decided that a whole system will be deployed, and as part of this task, work is being carried out to create new Container stations.
– Earlier it was stated that at the end of the year of operation, the Container station in Mordovia confirmed its qualities. In particular, it showed the ability to detect NATO aircraftmade using stealth technology. What kind of aircraft are we talking about? Under what circumstances were they detected?
- Stealth technology involves reducing the probability of detecting a given object in a certain range of wavelengths. And as a rule, stealth technologies are focused on the wavelength range in which radars that detect such targets operate. In particular, these are on-board radars of other aircraft, radars of anti-aircraft missile systems, and so on. The over-the-horizon station operates in a completely different wavelength range, the so-called short waves, although their length ranges from tens to hundreds of meters. In this case, the effect achieved by using radio-absorbing coatings and the shape of the aircraft itself no longer works. Accordingly, for an over-the-horizon station, the use of stealth technology is not an obstacle to detection.
– Can you use over-the-horizon stations to determine the type of target? Is it possible to say that it was the F-35 that flew?
– The task for over-the-horizon stations to identify the types of air targets is not worth it. The task is to detect changes in the intensity of aviation use over the horizon, at a distance of up to three thousand kilometers from the station's position. That is, against the background of regular aircraft traffic, you can see the appearance of something non-standard, such as the use of special aviation. The interest is to reveal the very fact of an abnormal development of the situation in the air.
– So its accuracy is low, and you won't be able to determine the coordinates from it?
– You can determine the object's location.
– And how many re-reflections of the signal occur at the maximum range of the station?
– We work on the same race.
– You say that it is impossible to determine the type of target, while how can we say that the Container in Mordovia detected foreign stealth aircraft?
"Very simple. We simply see all the planes that are in the air due to the lengths of radio waves with which the "Container" works. Accordingly, knowing from open sources where the F-35s are based, and knowing that they flew sorties, we can say for sure that we saw them and accompanied them.
– How effective do you think stealth technology is?
- It depends on what I want to achieve using this technology. If I use it in some countries that have certain classes of radars in the air defense system, including on-board radars of fighters from the air defense forces on duty, then stealth technology can be quite effective for breaking through this system.
– If we hypothetically assume that the United States has brought its B2s against us, will we see them?
– The probability of a direct breakthrough of our air defense system by these aircraft is almost zero. Some other means should make a breakout zone for them, and then it will become possible. But these planes themselves, apart from the effect of psychological pressure, in my opinion, are useless against us as a means of air attack.
– Well, at least the range of their detection is reduced due to the technology of reducing radar visibility?
– Today, where B-2BS are deployed, and this is far beyond our territory, we detect them with the help of over-the-horizon stations even on the flight route. Regardless of the "stealth" technology.
– Is the work on creating a radiophoton radar continuing?
- Work continues, we are building up our competence in this matter. Moreover, we are creating one of the competence centers for the development of radiophotonics. Moreover, we will develop it not in purely theoretical terms, but in applied terms – from the point of view of implementing these technologies in newly created locators.
– Earlier it was announced about the construction of new Yakhroma EWS stations in the Crimea and the Far East. Is this a further modernization of Voronezh stations?
– Yes, this is another step in the development of the Voronezh series of radars. These stations will have greater noise immunity and bandwidth. In addition, already in the course of their creation, the technology of an automated digital twin system will be implemented, which allows tracking the status of the radar (stages of the radar life cycle).
– Will all other EWS stations be upgraded according to the same scheme?
– Yes, of course, all the new achievements that we get at the new station, we use when upgrading existing ones. During the modernization period, we will also bring them to this level.
– And by what year will Yakhroma be built in the Crimea?
– It is better for you to contact the state customer.
– Are there plans to use artificial intelligence elements in new EWS stations, for example, to ensure their functioning without human intervention?
– It all depends on what we mean by artificial intelligence (AI). In fact, these are just mathematical and logical methods of information processing. They are required when there is more and more information available. Naturally, such methods are used in the processing of radar information, in station management, and in diagnostics of its condition. Another question is whether AI makes decisions. In this case, of course, this is out of the question and cannot be. Because the information that EWS stations give out must be evaluated by a person for reliability. Otherwise, we may get a situation where, as a result of a technical or software failure, an erroneous decision will be made about a missile attack, which may lead to irreversible consequences.
– Will the level of automation of Yakhroma allow you to reduce the combat crew?
- Of course, automation involves reducing the number of people who participate in the operation of the plant. The combat crew of Yakhroma will be smaller than on Voronezh.
– Today, the problem of space debris is acute, which, in particular, can threaten the collision of existing spacecraft of the Russian group. Are EWS stations involved in tracking debris and space debris objects? Is this data transmittedRoscosmos?
– All EWS radars continuously monitor the space situation. As I said, the radars control everything over the radio horizon. We see spacecraft that operate in their orbits, upper stages, various launch objects, and elements of destroyed space objects. Information about them is systematized in the catalog of space objects, which is used, among other things, to exclude dangerous situations in space.
– How small can you see objects?
– The thing is, we can't measure the object we're currently seeing – we can't fly up to it with a ruler. We see space objects with a certain effective scattering area. Depending on the angle of illumination, on how it is illuminated by the sun or illuminated by our radar, we can observe a variety of objects.
– That is, radar radiation from the Sun, reflected by an object in the direction of the SPRN station receiver, also allows you to see space objects, as they say, in passive mode?
– Yes, this situation is also feasible.
– The Americans have a NORAD command. They regularly observe our spacecraft and distribute their orbit parameters. Do we also track their satellites with EWS stations?
– All objects located above the radio horizon are observed, including space objects.
– Do you plan to upgrade the Don-2N missile defense station near Moscow? In what directions can its modernization be carried out?
– We just recently completed the modernization of this station, now it is undergoing testing. As a result of these works, the functionality of Don-2N has changed. Moreover, it has not only changed its quantitative characteristics, but also its qualitative ones. For obvious reasons, I can't give you specific values.
- Tell us more about the Elik complex.
– This is an onboard multi-frequency radar system. With the help of this complex, for example, during the tests, a runway from the Great Patriotic War was discovered, completely covered with a layer of earth in 10 centimeters. There was a metal grid that was then used for field airfields, it was forgotten about, and it was overgrown with a cultural layer, and "Elik" discovered it.
– For what purposes can the complex be used?
– It can be used for monitoring pipelines that may be collapsed or buried, for monitoring any other structures that may be located at some depth, for example, gas pipelines, oil pipelines. The wavelengths that Elik uses are 3 centimeters, 23 centimeters and 73 centimeters.
– What is its maximum penetration capacity into the ground?
– Such assessments have not been carried out yet.
– What kind of aircraft is Elik installed on?
– It's still a test facility. It is not put on any specific aircraft, we are conducting experiments with it. We mount it on disembodied vehicles, helicopters, and other aircraft and work out its software and algorithmic support.
– What other promising tasks do the concern face today?
– By order of the Russian Academy of Sciences, we are creating a locator for heliogeophysical research of the situation.
– And what will it do?"
– It will be a research locator that will be used for peaceful purposes in the interests of the Russian Academy of Sciences. In particular, it will allow studying solar activity, as well as its effect on the Earth's ionosphere, and will give other related results.

https://ria.ru/20210826/anoshko-1747223211.html

So, against Conteiner the stealth is so useless that they they cannot directly tell if they are detecting a "stealth" plane or a conventional one

Also important that the guy clearly states they can locate the position of the targets, for all those out there claiming the width of the beam gives a uncertainty of dozens of km, ignoring there are many ways of using known terrain features and algorithmic tricks to radically improve that accuracy.

Sharing target information a flight of Su-35s would quickly work out using L band radar as well as IRST and nose mounted Ku and Ka band signals what they can detect (non stealthy) and what is difficult to track with the nose mounted KU and KA band radar but what appears as blips on L band and dots on IRST as to what is stealthy and what is not.

Either way it will know its location and be able to close in and intercept it.

One of the problems with search radar is its low speed due to range... when you are scanning for targets 3,000km away you can't have the radar spinning at 60 times a second because the radar has to be pointing in the right direction to receive the return signal.

With a fixed array however it is always listening in all the directions it can see, so the scan rate is what is important.

A normal spinning search radar might spin 12 times a minute which means one spin every 5 seconds... if the target is a Zircon missile moving at 3.2km/s that means each spin its blip will shift 16km each spin... most current search radars sees a target skip 16km per radar spin will not see one target moving at 3.2km/s... it will see two separate targets that appear and then disappear in the case of the first dot and in the case of the second dot was not there and then it was and then on the next sweep has disappeared again...

Tracking radars don't scan 360 degrees and so their scan rates can be much higher so it is easier to track fast targets.

Of course needless to say on the Iraq/Iran border where F-35s are deployed... if the Iranians are not detecting fighters on their border and the Russian systems in Russia are tracking fighter sized targets flying along the border area then it is a pretty safe assumption that this is F-35s we are talking about.

For Iran sending lots of fighters would be risky, because the F-35s might shoot them down, but they could certainly send drones with IR guided missiles in numbers that exceed the number of weapons the F-35s could be carrying...

Терагерцовая технология ОКБ «АСТРОН» как основа системы сканирования пассажиров в метро | ОКБ «АСТРОН»
Терагерцовая технология ОКБ «АСТРОН» как основа системы сканирования пассажиров в метро | ОКБ «АСТРОН»
astrohn.ru astrohn.ru

Specifications THERZ-7A​
The detection range of large objects (hidden under clothing) is at least 15 m.
The throughput capacity in the mode of passage of the inspection object is at least 150 people / hour.
The maximum time during which the result of the inspection is issued (the presence or absence of objects provided that the object of inspection is immobile) does not exceed 2 s.
The results of the inspection, presented to the OPERATOR OF THERZ-7A on the monitor screen of the AWP, visualize the hidden object with its binding to the location on the inspected object.
THERZ-7A has the ability to work both autonomously (independently) and as part of an integrated complex of technical means of security over the Ethernet channel.
Storage time of recorded video information – 30 days.
It is possible to write stored information to external media (removable hard drive or solid-state data carrier).
THERZ-7A operates from a general industrial AC network with a voltage of 220 V (±10%), a frequency of 50 (±1) Hz.
The total electrical power does not exceed 150 W.
Operating temperature range from +5 to +40 ° C inside heated rooms without condensation of moisture, the degree of protection of the shell is IP20.
Overall dimensions of the camera unit – 660×650×245 mm.
Possible scheme of organization of the security inspection zone using THERZ-7A

Possible scheme of organization of the security inspection zone using THERZ-7A​
Synergistic effect​
New security systems allow law enforcement agencies working in the subway to check passengers without interfering with the movement of crowds of people, and take preventive measures if suspicious objects, explosive devices or weapons are found.

The use of the THERZ-7A complex at the facilities will achieve the following effects:
early remote detection of hidden objects on the approach to the object;
detection of non-metallic hidden objects;
improving the effectiveness of operational organizational and technical measures;
harmlessness to people;
non-invasive (without displaying the anatomical structure);
the possibility of organizing high-quality and effective remote inspection of people at facilities;
improving the overall efficiency of existing and newly created integrated complexes and systems of physical protection of metro facilities of the Russian Federation.
https://pikabu.ru/story/rossiyskie_spetsialistyi_sozdayut_radaryi_novogo_tipa_na_osnove_teragertsevyikh_tekhnologiy_7189603

Terahertz technology in the future will be widely used. In particular, it will be used in the military sphere, said Pavel Laptaev, general director of RTI JSC, which develops missile attack warning systems.



Specialists of "RTI" today pay a lot of attention to terahertz technologies, interest in which, in particular, shows Rosgvardia. Representatives of law enforcement agencies reacted positively to the project of a new and more effective inspection system. Despite the fact that now there is only a mock-up sample, the appearance of a fully working station is expected at the Army-2020 forum.



In the future, terahertz technologies will form the basis of the latest radars capable of detecting small drones and working in space. According to Laptaev, this technique allows you to reduce the level of energy consumption and at the same time with high accuracy to direct the beam to a fairly small object. At the same time, the stations will be able to receive information about the speed and trajectory of the target, its shape and the material from which it is made.



"Terahertz technology will be converted into a product within five years. Taking into account the fact that only in 2019 we managed to achieve significant results, we mastered the element base, learned to identify objects and materials," Laptayev emphasized.



Now specialists have to do the most difficult work - software development. It is he who, on the basis of the accumulated information, will have to determine the category of the object in a very short time and subsequently effectively interact with the operator.



Earlier it was reported that the specialists of the company "Radar-MMS" are working on the creation of a new radar station. It is expected that it will be installed on aircraft.

politexpert.net
В России создают новейшую РЛС для авиации
Российские специалисты ведут разработку новейшей радиолокационной станции, от которой не сможет укрыться ни один объект.
politexpert.net

About the novelty found out the journalists of "Star". Having visited the unique anechoic chamber of the company "Radar-MMS", they saw the process of debugging the latest radar. Despite the fact that the characteristics of the device are kept in the strictest confidence, journalists still managed to find out that it will be able to detect any objects within a radius of 100 kilometers. In addition, the radar compares favorably with analogues with increased noise immunity. It is also reported that the carriers of the system will be aircraft, but there is no information about specific models.

It is worth noting that Radar-MMS occupies a leading position in the development of radio-electronic systems and complexes for special and civil purposes, as well as specialized software and precision instrumentation.

In Russia, much attention is paid to the development of existing and the creation of new radars. At the same time, completely different systems are being developed. As the ex-commander of the air defense system, Lieutenant General Alexander Gorkov, said, the appearance of ultra-long-range radars will significantly increase the radar field of air defense systems. Thanks to this, the command will have more time to make a decision. And this, in turn, gives a very significant advantage.

80P6 radar in Shatalovo

Another radar on the same site

New over-the-horizon detection radars are being developed in Russia

As reported in the Russian Aerospace Forces, their intercession for combat duty is planned in the coming years.

MOSCOW, December 9. /tass/. Russian specialists are conducting development work on the creation of new over-the-horizon detection radars, similar to the Container radar. This was announced by the Commander of the Air and missile Defense Forces, Deputy Commander - in-Chief of the Russian Aerospace Forces, Lieutenant General Andrey Demin.

"Currently, ROC is being conducted to create similar [Container radar] over-the-horizon detection radars for monitoring the air and surface situation in the western, southern and eastern strategic directions. The next stations are planned to be put on combat duty in the coming years," he said in an interview with the weekly newspaper Nezavisimoe Voennoe Obozrenie.

According to him, the Container station effectively carries out round-the-clock duty as part of the VKS duty forces, detects and accompanies about 10 thousand air objects every day.

"In its area of responsibility, the station is capable of detecting air objects of various classes: aircraft made using stealth technology, strategic unmanned aerial vehicles, cruise and hypersonic missiles over the territory of the European region, the Middle East, the Persian Gulf, and over the waters of the Baltic, Black and Mediterranean Seas. The information obtained is important in assessing the overall intelligence situation, " he said.

https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/13162391

The troops of the Central Military District for the first time received deeply modernized radars "Nebo-T"

MOSCOW, January 18. /TASS/. For the first time, the troops of the Central Military District (TsVO) have been equipped with deeply modernized Nebo-T radar stations, which will take up combat duty in the regions of the Urals and the Volga region. This was reported on Tuesday in the press service of the Central Military District.

“Deeply modernized Nebo-T radar stations have been delivered to the troops of the Central Military District for the first time. In the coming days, they will take up combat duty in the regions of the Urals and the Volga region,” the report says.
As noted in the press service, the stations in terms of their tactical and technical characteristics are significantly superior to their counterparts. They are able to quickly find and track aerodynamic and ballistic targets within a radius of up to 600 km with high accuracy. New radar stations will increase the combat capabilities of air defense units of the Central Military District in the Volga and Ural regions.

https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/13454557

What is the difference btw Nebo-T and other radars from Nebo family?