Russia Defence Forum

Would you like to react to this message? Create an account in a few clicks or log in to continue.

Military Forum for Russian and Global Defence Issues


+50
x_54_u43
Broski
franco
thegopnik
Begome
marcellogo
owais.usmani
AlfaT8
Big_Gazza
JohninMK
nero
william.boutros
Azi
Isos
PapaDragon
Hole
Arrow
Viktor
dino00
LMFS
miketheterrible
magnumcromagnon
GunshipDemocracy
Ivanov673
hoom
Mike E
navyfield
Deep Throat
Vann7
NickM
Mindstorm
mack8
Sujoy
Stealthflanker
flamming_python
gaurav
TheArmenian
Admin
KomissarBojanchev
George1
Morpheus Eberhardt
medo
Cyberspec
GarryB
Rpg type 7v
sepheronx
TR1
SOC
xeno
Austin
54 posters

    S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System

    George1
    George1


    Posts : 18315
    Points : 18812
    Join date : 2011-12-22
    Location : Greece

    S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System - Page 13 Empty Re: S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System

    Post  George1 Wed Feb 26, 2020 1:50 pm

    First S-350 medium-range air defense system arrives for Russia’s Aerospace Force

    The training center has already held an exercise to detect and eliminate a notional enemy aircraft

    GATCHINA /Leningrad Region/, February 26. /TASS/. The teams of air defense troops have started to learn to operate the S-350 ‘Vityaz’ medium-range anti-aircraft missile system at the Gatchina training center in Russia’s northwest, the Defense Ministry reported on Wednesday.

    "The first most advanced S-350 ‘Vityaz’ system of anti-aircraft missile troops has arrived for the Aerospace Force. It has arrived at the anti-aircraft missile troops’ training center in Gatchina," the ministry said.

    In Gatchina, the combat teams will be learning to operate the latest weapon system. In particular, the training center has already held an exercise to detect and eliminate a notional enemy aircraft, the ministry specified.

    "The combat team of the S-350 surface-to-air missile system demonstrated its skills, eliminated the notional enemy by electronic launches and made a march to a new positioning area," the ministry’s press office said.

    Russia’s Aerospace Force earlier test-fired the S-350 ‘Vityaz’ surface-to-air missile system at a practice range in the southern Astrakhan Region during the system’s acceptance, the ministry said.

    The first set of this system was transferred to the Russian troops in December 2019.

    The S-350 ‘Vityaz’ mobile multi-channel surface-to-air missile system has been developed by the Almaz-Antey defense manufacturer. The system is designated to defend state, industrial and military facilities and force groupings against the strikes of modern and future air attack weapons. The system is capable of striking targets within a range of over 120 km and at altitudes of more than 30 km. The system can be deployed from a march within five minutes.
    Russia’s Aerospace Force to receive 144 S-350 ‘Vityaz’ launchers by late 2027

    Almost 150 S-350 ‘Vityaz’ anti-aircraft missile launchers will be delivered to Russia’s Aerospace Force by the end of 2027, the Defense Ministry said.

    "Until the end of the existing state armament program for 2018-2027, the industry is due to deliver 12 battalions of S-350 systems to the Aerospace Force’s surface-to-air missile troops. Each battalion includes 12 launchers of 12 missiles each," the ministry said.

    Each S-350 battalion also includes up to three multi-functional radar stations and a combat command and control post. Automated reconnaissance and target acquisition systems and combat vehicles of the Pantsyr-S anti-aircraft missile/gun system can also be assigned to an S-350 battalion, the ministry specified.

    https://tass.com/defense/1124013
    magnumcromagnon
    magnumcromagnon


    Posts : 8138
    Points : 8273
    Join date : 2013-12-05
    Location : Pindos ave., Pindosville, Pindosylvania, Pindostan

    S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System - Page 13 Empty s-350 system

    Post  magnumcromagnon Wed Feb 26, 2020 5:11 pm



    S-350.
    Hole
    Hole


    Posts : 10722
    Points : 10700
    Join date : 2018-03-24
    Age : 47
    Location : Scholzistan

    S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System - Page 13 Empty Re: S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System

    Post  Hole Wed Feb 26, 2020 7:17 pm

    S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System - Page 13 3-phot10
    S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System - Page 13 6-phot10
    S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System - Page 13 7-phot10
    Hole
    Hole


    Posts : 10722
    Points : 10700
    Join date : 2018-03-24
    Age : 47
    Location : Scholzistan

    S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System - Page 13 Empty Re: S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System

    Post  Hole Wed Feb 26, 2020 7:19 pm

    Thing on the left in the first pic looks similar to this one:

    S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System - Page 13 000426
    Sbor-1M Elint system
    Isos
    Isos


    Posts : 11301
    Points : 11271
    Join date : 2015-11-06

    S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System - Page 13 Empty Re: S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System

    Post  Isos Wed Feb 26, 2020 7:28 pm

    S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System - Page 13 Ers_5710
    franco
    franco


    Posts : 6706
    Points : 6732
    Join date : 2010-08-18

    S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System - Page 13 Empty Re: S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System

    Post  franco Wed Feb 26, 2020 9:44 pm

    George1 wrote:
    First S-350 medium-range air defense system arrives for Russia’s Aerospace Force

    The training center has already held an exercise to detect and eliminate a notional enemy aircraft

    GATCHINA /Leningrad Region/, February 26. /TASS/. The teams of air defense troops have started to learn to operate the S-350 ‘Vityaz’ medium-range anti-aircraft missile system at the Gatchina training center in Russia’s northwest, the Defense Ministry reported on Wednesday.

    "The first most advanced S-350 ‘Vityaz’ system of anti-aircraft missile troops has arrived for the Aerospace Force. It has arrived at the anti-aircraft missile troops’ training center in Gatchina," the ministry said.

    In Gatchina, the combat teams will be learning to operate the latest weapon system. In particular, the training center has already held an exercise to detect and eliminate a notional enemy aircraft, the ministry specified.

    "The combat team of the S-350 surface-to-air missile system demonstrated its skills, eliminated the notional enemy by electronic launches and made a march to a new positioning area," the ministry’s press office said.

    Russia’s Aerospace Force earlier test-fired the S-350 ‘Vityaz’ surface-to-air missile system at a practice range in the southern Astrakhan Region during the system’s acceptance, the ministry said.

    The first set of this system was transferred to the Russian troops in December 2019.

    The S-350 ‘Vityaz’ mobile multi-channel surface-to-air missile system has been developed by the Almaz-Antey defense manufacturer. The system is designated to defend state, industrial and military facilities and force groupings against the strikes of modern and future air attack weapons. The system is capable of striking targets within a range of over 120 km and at altitudes of more than 30 km. The system can be deployed from a march within five minutes.
    Russia’s Aerospace Force to receive 144 S-350 ‘Vityaz’ launchers by late 2027

    Almost 150 S-350 ‘Vityaz’ anti-aircraft missile launchers will be delivered to Russia’s Aerospace Force by the end of 2027, the Defense Ministry said.

    "Until the end of the existing state armament program for 2018-2027, the industry is due to deliver 12 battalions of S-350 systems to the Aerospace Force’s surface-to-air missile troops. Each battalion includes 12 launchers of 12 missiles each," the ministry said.

    Each S-350 battalion also includes up to three multi-functional radar stations and a combat command and control post. Automated reconnaissance and target acquisition systems and combat vehicles of the Pantsyr-S anti-aircraft missile/gun system can also be assigned to an S-350 battalion, the ministry specified.

    https://tass.com/defense/1124013

    The original plan (talk) was for 38 batteries of 4 each... basically you add a couple of batteries for the training units and voila.
    George1
    George1


    Posts : 18315
    Points : 18812
    Join date : 2011-12-22
    Location : Greece

    S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System - Page 13 Empty Re: S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System

    Post  George1 Wed Feb 26, 2020 11:43 pm

    From bmpd article

    The S-350 (50P6A) air defense system, using 9M96 series anti-aircraft missiles, includes
    50P6A 12-container self-propelled launchers,
    50N6A multifunctional radar,
    50K6A combat control station, and
    92N6 multifunctional detection radar (also used in S-400 air defense systems).

    https://bmpd.livejournal.com/3944299.html
    George1
    George1


    Posts : 18315
    Points : 18812
    Join date : 2011-12-22
    Location : Greece

    S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System - Page 13 Empty Re: S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System

    Post  George1 Wed Feb 26, 2020 11:51 pm

    Hole wrote:
    S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System - Page 13 7-phot10

    is there any difference between these two units? One has missiles with white upper and the other with red
    franco
    franco


    Posts : 6706
    Points : 6732
    Join date : 2010-08-18

    S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System - Page 13 Empty Re: S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System

    Post  franco Thu Feb 27, 2020 12:49 am

    Red missiles generally indicate training units.
    JohninMK
    JohninMK


    Posts : 14692
    Points : 14827
    Join date : 2015-06-16
    Location : England

    S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System - Page 13 Empty Re: S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System

    Post  JohninMK Thu Feb 27, 2020 6:54 pm

    I assume this is a group photo of all that's been handed over.

    S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System - Page 13 ERvYVC_XkAAdDeg?format=jpg&name=360x360
    Isos
    Isos


    Posts : 11301
    Points : 11271
    Join date : 2015-11-06

    S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System - Page 13 Empty Re: S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System

    Post  Isos Thu Feb 27, 2020 7:08 pm

    Russia can only buy the launchers and use them with s-400. They share the same search radar and also use the 9m96 family.

    It's a cheap way to increase the self protection of a s-400 armed with 48n6 family.

    I wonder if the missiles share a lot with the new r-77M to reduce production costs.
    Hole
    Hole


    Posts : 10722
    Points : 10700
    Join date : 2018-03-24
    Age : 47
    Location : Scholzistan

    S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System - Page 13 Empty Re: S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System

    Post  Hole Thu Feb 27, 2020 8:37 pm

    They can put the missiles on the vehicles of the S-400 family. That is the point of the S-350 system, it is bought in addition to S-400 to replace old S-300 versions = more missiles!
    magnumcromagnon
    magnumcromagnon


    Posts : 8138
    Points : 8273
    Join date : 2013-12-05
    Location : Pindos ave., Pindosville, Pindosylvania, Pindostan

    S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System - Page 13 Empty Re: S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System

    Post  magnumcromagnon Thu Feb 27, 2020 10:19 pm

    George1 wrote:
    Hole wrote:
    S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System - Page 13 7-phot10

    is there any difference between these two units? One has missiles with white upper and the other with red
    One has missiles caps completely covered in snow flakes, and the other only slightly so. Wink
    GarryB
    GarryB


    Posts : 38981
    Points : 39477
    Join date : 2010-03-30
    Location : New Zealand

    S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System - Page 13 Empty Re: S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System

    Post  GarryB Fri Feb 28, 2020 7:01 am

    Russia can only buy the launchers and use them with s-400. They share the same search radar and also use the 9m96 family.

    The plan all along was to increase numbers of missiles in the long range SAM battery to make it better protected from swarm attack, the S-350 is expected to replace the oldest S-300 batteries first, and its better radars and improved missile numbers and range mean a significant improvement in performance over the missiles they will be replacing.

    The S-350 can also be attached to an S-400 battery to enhance its performance against a range of targets where the smaller shorter ranged missiles are more efficient and can be carried in greater numbers because of their size.

    It's a cheap way to increase the self protection of a s-400 armed with 48n6 family.

    No. In terms of missiles I would expect its active radar homing missiles of 9M96 will be rather more expensive than Pantsir, though pantsir does cost a bit because of all the optical and radar sensors on each vehicle, their missiles are super cheap command guided missiles with impressive performance against a wide range of targets.

    It will be a great way of upgrading backwater S-300 batteries with a capable system that exceeds the performance of the old S-300 missiles while probably not costing quite as much as a new S-400 or S-500 battery.

    I wonder if the missiles share a lot with the new r-77M to reduce production costs.

    I would suspect they are totally unrelated except perhaps possibly sharing a new high tech ARH seeker.

    They can put the missiles on the vehicles of the S-400 family. That is the point of the S-350 system, it is bought in addition to S-400 to replace old S-300 versions = more missiles!

    Indeed, once all the S-300s are replaced they will likely add them to S-400 and S-500 batteries to boost missile numbers... but I do suspect they will continue to use Pantsir and TOR to support the bigger SAM systems too.

    marcellogo
    marcellogo


    Posts : 638
    Points : 644
    Join date : 2012-08-02
    Age : 55
    Location : Italy

    S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System - Page 13 Empty Re: S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System

    Post  marcellogo Fri Feb 28, 2020 9:34 am

    GarryB wrote:
    Russia can only buy the launchers and use them with s-400. They share the same search radar and also use the 9m96 family.

    The plan all along was to increase numbers of missiles in the long range SAM battery to make it better protected from swarm attack, the S-350 is expected to replace the oldest S-300 batteries first, and its better radars and improved missile numbers and range mean a significant improvement in performance over the missiles they will be replacing.

    The S-350 can also be attached to an S-400 battery to enhance its performance against a range of targets where the smaller shorter ranged missiles are more efficient and can be carried in greater numbers because of their size.

    It's a cheap way to increase the self protection of a s-400 armed with 48n6 family.

    No. In terms of missiles I would expect its active radar homing missiles of 9M96 will be rather more expensive than Pantsir, though pantsir does cost a bit because of all the optical and radar sensors on each vehicle, their missiles are super cheap command guided missiles with impressive performance against a wide range of targets.

    It will be a great way of upgrading backwater S-300 batteries with a capable system that exceeds the performance of the old S-300 missiles while probably not costing quite as much as a new S-400 or S-500 battery.

    I wonder if the missiles share a lot with the new r-77M to reduce production costs.

    I would suspect they are totally unrelated except perhaps possibly sharing a new high tech ARH seeker.

    They can put the missiles on the vehicles of the S-400 family. That is the point of the S-350 system, it is bought in addition to S-400 to replace old S-300 versions = more missiles!

    Indeed, once all the S-300s are replaced they will likely add them to S-400 and S-500 batteries to boost missile numbers... but I do suspect they will continue to use Pantsir and TOR to support the bigger SAM systems too.


    I see them as a way to provide protection to big areas like city and large military bases.
    To make an example, putting some batteries at Damascus would deter Nato/Israel raids using swarm attacks.
    certainly one can produce a surplus of launchers, so to add them to already existing S-400 batteries but they are already protected and efficient as they are.
    GarryB
    GarryB


    Posts : 38981
    Points : 39477
    Join date : 2010-03-30
    Location : New Zealand

    S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System - Page 13 Empty Re: S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System

    Post  GarryB Sat Feb 29, 2020 2:41 am

    The thing is that Israel and the US for all their faults don't really do carpet bombing any more so the targets will be very specific buildings in a city rather than the entire city itself.

    You could probably determine what targets they would be interested in and situate a TOR battery or Pantsir battery there and then have perhaps one S-350 to try to get any launch platforms, though obviously the longer range of the S-400 missiles (250km and 400km) means they would be much more useful in dealing with enemy aircraft.

    A few MANPADs units around the place tied in to the air defence network on likely approach directions could certainly thin the attack quite efficiently too... with them being part of the IADS they will get early warning of the approach of targets and can be set up and ready and looking in the correct direction to engage targets, which would make them several hundred times more effective than a guy with a shoulder fired missile and a radio in the middle of no where looking and listening for engines...

    With Igla-S and Verba with proximity fuses most drones and cruise missile type targets would be terribly vulnerable on their flight to the target area...
    marcellogo
    marcellogo


    Posts : 638
    Points : 644
    Join date : 2012-08-02
    Age : 55
    Location : Italy

    S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System - Page 13 Empty Re: S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System

    Post  marcellogo Sat Feb 29, 2020 10:54 am

    GarryB wrote:The thing is that Israel and the US for all their faults don't really do carpet bombing any more so the targets will be very specific buildings in a city rather than the entire city itself.

    You could probably determine what targets they would be interested in and situate a TOR battery or Pantsir battery there and then have perhaps one S-350 to try to get any launch platforms, though obviously the longer range of the S-400 missiles (250km and 400km) means they would be much more useful in dealing with enemy aircraft.

    A few MANPADs units around the place tied in to the air defence network on likely approach directions could certainly thin the attack quite efficiently too... with them being part of the IADS they will get early warning of the approach of targets and can be set up and ready and looking in the correct direction to engage targets, which would make them several hundred times more effective than a guy with a shoulder fired missile and a radio in the middle of no where looking and listening for engines...

    With Igla-S and Verba with proximity fuses most drones and cruise missile type targets would be terribly vulnerable on their flight to the target area...
    Allow me to elaborate t a little further:
    With like Damascus I intend a quite vaste area with several possible target inside.

    It is certain that the most important ones would benefit of an extra protection layer made by SHORAD systems but a system covering the large area would still be needed for a question of early warning and distance of engagement.
    Launching, as have already been made, a swarm of cruise missiles coming from different directions and scheduled to hit the intended targets all in the same moment would overcome even the most capable short range defence systems.
    S-350 will allow to track and engage those systems from greater distance and regardless from the directions or the "formation" they could present themselves with, before they would reach the overload mass.

    S-300 although obviously very efficace against the same targets on individual basis, still rely on illumination radars and SaRh/TVM guidance so it cannot face those kind of attacks with same efficacy as it still can cover just a portion of the radar horizont at a given time.

    Certainly you could still upgrade your existing system but given that you would still have to buy ARh missiles and dedicated radars to enhance your capacity of engage several targets at the same time, at this point, if you are allowed time to made a change, better to acquire a completely new system purposely built for this kind of menace.
    GarryB
    GarryB


    Posts : 38981
    Points : 39477
    Join date : 2010-03-30
    Location : New Zealand

    S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System - Page 13 Empty Re: S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System

    Post  GarryB Sat Feb 29, 2020 11:30 am

    While I agree regarding the cruise missile attack, Syria has the enormous benefit of an IADS... something even the Saudis clearly lack, and probably the US and NATO do too...

    Having two batteries defend each target with Pantsir systems means a total of 12 vehicles able to launch 48 missiles at once... which is a lot of interceptors... and their very high flight speed means over a period of 1 minute they could probably engage 3-4 times more than that, but that only having those short range systems means any launch platforms could not be engaged which means the next night the same attack could be made until they run out of munitions...

    Having heavier longer ranged weapons means potentially taking out some launch platforms which no country can afford to lose at the rate they lose stand off weapons...

    In other words unless you have the long range weapons then the attacks will likely not stop so S-350 and S-400 and S-500 as well as your own cruise missiles and standoff weapons become rather critical too.

    S-300 and S-350 are orders of magnitude more expensive per missile to actually use.

    In comparison TOR and Pantsir and even SOSNA-R are much cheaper and easier to mass produce in enormous numbers, while being effective against a range of targets.
    Isos
    Isos


    Posts : 11301
    Points : 11271
    Join date : 2015-11-06

    S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System - Page 13 Empty Re: S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System

    Post  Isos Sat Feb 29, 2020 12:29 pm

    In comparison TOR and Pantsir and even SOSNA-R are much cheaper and easier to mass produce in enormous numbers, while being effective against a range of targets.

    They can also use Tor and pantsir tech to improve Osa and tunguska. Actually they are already modernizing them but not at the level of tor and pantsir. It is good because they have hundreds of such systems.
    Hole
    Hole


    Posts : 10722
    Points : 10700
    Join date : 2018-03-24
    Age : 47
    Location : Scholzistan

    S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System - Page 13 Empty Re: S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System

    Post  Hole Mon Mar 02, 2020 5:58 pm

    S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System - Page 13 S-350_10
    New radar or Elint system

    S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System - Page 13 S-350_11
    GarryB
    GarryB


    Posts : 38981
    Points : 39477
    Join date : 2010-03-30
    Location : New Zealand

    S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System - Page 13 Empty Re: S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System

    Post  GarryB Tue Mar 03, 2020 3:09 am

    They can also use Tor and pantsir tech to improve Osa and tunguska. Actually they are already modernizing them but not at the level of tor and pantsir. It is good because they have hundreds of such systems.

    That is an important factor as well... many targets are actually rather simple targets if you can detect and engage them... so an S-350 battery with OSA and Tunguska co-located could take down all sorts of attacks using information supplied by the sensors of the S-350 system and a command vehicle coordinating and directing the defence... I remember in Desert Storm some commends about how effective the OSA was in taking down US cruise missiles... which effectively are relatively slow low flying easy targets... their powerful feature is surprise... but early detection and SA-8 can mow them down in numbers... with the required warning.

    The S-350 sensors and support vehicles would ensure that warning is provided so what would otherwise be ineffective systems become rather useful and more capable missiles can be saved for more difficult targets.

    Older systems can also be used as target drones for practise in peace time, but when targeting enemy cruise missiles even SA-3 and SA-6 missiles can be very useful.

    Some of the missiles you could fit with a tiny optical nose seeker as fitted to small guided rockets and fill the rest of the internal space with HE and use it as a cheap simple improvised air to ground munition that could be used in enormous numbers... SA-8, SA-9, SA-13, old model SA-15 are all relatively small missiles that could be carried by tactical aircraft or large drones... they could also be used as targets for larger systems as well...

    BTW nice pics of the S-350... that big box raised up is interesting... it is probably a tracking radar with a sensor to detect the emissions of radio altimeters that low flying weapons use to avoid flying in to the ground. Having the tracking radar up there means it can detect and track low flying targets from much greater distances than if it was mounted lower to the ground. It should greatly extend the distance at which low flying and ground targets can be engaged by the system and any other systems operating with it...
    Isos
    Isos


    Posts : 11301
    Points : 11271
    Join date : 2015-11-06

    S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System - Page 13 Empty Re: S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System

    Post  Isos Tue Mar 03, 2020 8:49 am

    . I remember in Desert Storm some commends about how effective the OSA was in taking down US cruise missiles... which effectively are relatively slow low flying easy targets... their powerful feature is surprise... but early detection and SA-8 can mow them down in numbers... with the required warning.

    Any source about desert storm ?
    Hole
    Hole


    Posts : 10722
    Points : 10700
    Join date : 2018-03-24
    Age : 47
    Location : Scholzistan

    S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System - Page 13 Empty Re: S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System

    Post  Hole Tue Mar 03, 2020 12:39 pm

    S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System - Page 13 Radare11
    Hole
    Hole


    Posts : 10722
    Points : 10700
    Join date : 2018-03-24
    Age : 47
    Location : Scholzistan

    S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System - Page 13 Empty Re: S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System

    Post  Hole Tue Mar 03, 2020 9:11 pm

    S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System - Page 13 S-350_12
    One more.
    Isos
    Isos


    Posts : 11301
    Points : 11271
    Join date : 2015-11-06

    S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System - Page 13 Empty Re: S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System

    Post  Isos Tue Mar 03, 2020 9:19 pm

    Many little antennas on that thing which suggests it's an ELINT/EW detector. I don't think it's a radar.

    The way the small antennas are put makes me think it is use to find a radar emmission by compring the power of the signal so that it can find the source. Just like RWR in fighters.

    Sponsored content


    S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System - Page 13 Empty Re: S-350 "Vityaz" SAM System

    Post  Sponsored content


      Current date/time is Sat Apr 27, 2024 4:45 am