Roscosmos Planetary Exploration Missions

It might not be a Russian mission, but its well worth celebrating!!!

First images from the Chinese Zhurong lander on Mars



Finally, images from the surface of Mars that were not taken from a US spacecraft

I'm not criticising NASA who i think do a superlative job, but this event can't fail to knock a little wind out of the sails of murican Chinaphobes....

miketheterrible wrote:Well, there is Soviet Mars 3 that had taken pictures in 1971. Grainy though.

It returned a partial picture only, no details visible, and the transmission was cut after ~20 secs, probably as the Mars-3 orbiter dropped below the landers local horizon so the relay to Earth was lost. The orbiter had suffered a fuel leak in the cruise and lacked the deltaV to enter the planned 24hr orbit, and ended up shooting past the planet into a looping 14 day orbit. As its speed was higher than expected it swept past Mars much earlier than planned so the inital science upload was lost, and by the time it returned over the landing site the landers batteries were long dead...

The Mars-3 was equipped with a mechanical scan panorama camera, and it only returned ~70 lines before the comms loss.  Light levels were also low due to a raging duststorm...

So near yet so far....       but still an impressive achievement given that it was only a little over 14 years after the launch of Sputnik.  Its a pity that the follow up armada of Mars 4-7 largely failed due to faulty control chips, because after the Viking landings the Soviets were never going to persevere with the M71/M73 spacecraft series, and now we'll never what kind of images these old landers might have returned.

Daniel_Admassu wrote:My favorite is the images from Venera 9. Those were relatively clear and really a big deal considering the venusian atmospheric and surface conditions.

However expensive manned missions are, no probe can replace human presence in any exploration. I agree that current chemical rocket tech is what is holding everything back. Let's just hope that the nuclear tug project will give not just Russia but humanity the edge again. Any official timeframe?

The Venera 9 image was the first image taken from the surface of another planet. It is a deeply historical picture, but given that was by the Soviets, the tendancy in the West has been to ignore the achivement.

Modern digital processing really brings out images that the original releases (photos of hardcopy prints) just didn't convey. Too bad that the 2nd camera didn't return an image (due to the lens cap not coming off when commanded)



Venus is however one of those places where humans will never step (at least if they want to avoid a very unpleasent demise). Io is another, but for different reasons.

I hate to say this, but that image is a photshop comprised of bits of the Venera 13 footage and filled out with created content.  The author (Don P Mitchell) made it as an example of what the terrain would generally look like.

The ones below are the best versions I've seen of projecting the imagery (V14 in this case) as true panoramas.  These 3 guys are truly wizards when it comes to processing of spacecraft imagery!

Imagine one day engineering a bacteria that could survive on the surface of Venus... the acidity, the air pressure, and the temperature... it is not actually that much different from a deep ocean volcanic vent where temperature and pressure and acidity are not that much different... send a probe down to collect bacteria that survive there and modify them to convert the various chemicals into oxygen or process the chemicals found in the lower atmosphere of Venus into chemicals that will allow the heat of the planet to escape into space.

Not that I think terraforming would be quick or easy or even possible, but it might be possible to reduce the temperatures and pressures and acidity to something more tolerable even if you have to remain in the clouds.

why not a new Venera mission?

George1 wrote:why not a new Venera mission?

Venera-D is still alive. No longer a prospective joint US-Russia misison ( as if that was ever going to happen...) Roskosmos is looking to go it alone and has kicked off a contract for design proposal.

Roskosmos has allocated more than 318 million rubles for the development of a technical proposal for the Venera-D project

The work will be carried out on the basis of the draft roadmap for the start of work on the Venus exploration program, approved by the Russian Academy of Sciences and Roscosmos. The work is expected to be completed by February 28, 2023.

By this time, the feasibility of the mission and possible design solutions should be justified, ensuring the study of the atmosphere, surface, internal structure and surrounding plasma of Venus at the modern level, a study of the possibility of returning to Earth samples of soil, atmosphere and aerosols of Venus, and a technical project tasks for the space complex for the study of Venus "Venus-D".

"The composition of the Venera-D space complex should be determined at the stage of the technical proposal, based on the use of existing and developed in Russia ILV [space rocket] of the heavy class (PH [launch vehicle] Angara-A5" with RB [upper stage ] DM-03) ", - says the terms of reference. It is specified that the launch of the spacecraft should be carried out in 2029.

source

Zaks website has some details, but he reverts to his usual sky-is-falling political nonsense in shitcanning Russian space while pretending to be an objective space journalist.  I'll just post the graphic from his site and omit the Atlantacist hate-puke.

Daniel_Admassu wrote:Good to know that there still is a program for Venus. But all these timetables make me cringe my teeth. 2023 for the completion of a feasibility study of something conceived a while back? There are times I agree with Vann7. Roscosmos is seriously underfunded.

With Venera-D no longer a joint US/Russia mission, Roskosmos will be forced to go it alone and will be denied Western components. Import substitution and domestic replacments for unobtainable equipment will add time and cost, and Roskosmos must develop a plan for the necessary R&D and manufacturing startups.

Why do you think there have been so much delay in the past to Russian space science projects? Its not that Russians are incompetent or have no money (though I would certainly agree that the feds have been stingy when comes to funding). Supply chain issues are IMHO the dominant factor. Soviet-era solutions are unavailable after the collapse of the old supply chains (and are essentialy obsolete in any case) and imported solutions represent unacceptable vulnerability that ruthless bastards in the US & EU have leveraged against numerous times to sabotage Russian science missions.

Russia is a nation that faces an ongoing multi-pronged attack by foreign nations that seek to roll-back her attempts at asserting her independence and soveignty. Russia has many vital things that require funding, and to be frank, space science comes pretty low on the list. Russian space budget needs to go to practical infrastructural developement that gives real world capabilities - launchers, cosmodromes, new generation manned vehicles, ISS replacement station, nuclear propulsion. The available space science budget comprises the Spektr-series observatories and the Luna explorers, as well as co-operative misisons like Exo-Mars. Venera-D is a worthy addition, but its clear the gov won't sacrifice other ventures to fast-track a 21st century repeat of Soviet-era achievements.

Russia needs to spend its money wisely in areas where there is a serious return that can be used to make money.

Space exploration needs to help Russia grow and develop in areas that are useful and valuable.

Russia doesn't have the ability to just print more money if they find they need more, this money is coming out of the same budget that is supposed to make things better for Russia and Russians.

People around the world complaining that they are not taking enough risks and are not pushing things, well get your wallet out and fund the programmes yourself.

Luna-25 lunar mission to be Russia’s major 2022 scientific event — top scientist

The Luna-25 is a space research lander module whose launch is scheduled for July 2022 from the Vostochny spaceport in the Russian Far East

MOSCOW, January 10. /TASS/. The launch of the Luna-25 probe and its planned landing on the Moon’s southern pole will be Russia’s key 2022 scientific event, President of the Russian Academy of Sciences Alexander Sergeyev told TASS on Monday.

"The launch of the Luna-25 probe is the main Russian scientific event of 2022 and our return to the Earth’s natural satellite since the 1970s. The most suitable position for the flight will be in the summer of 2022. I am confident that this will take place and I am confident that we will fly to the Moon and land softly and safely in the area of the southern pole, which will be the world’s first landing on that territory," Sergeyev said.

"In our estimates, the area there is the most conducive territory for the presence of water. Water is principally important for the Moon’s exploration because there will be no big problems with energy in future lunar settlements while it will be necessary to obtain oxygen," he said.

The Luna-25 is a space research lander module whose launch is scheduled for July 2022 from the Vostochny spaceport in the Russian Far East. The module is expected to touch down the Moon’s surface on the territory of the Boguslawsky crater in the area of its southern pole. The Luna-25 module will have nine scientific devices installed on its board to enable Russian scientists to study the properties of the Moon’s oldest rock in detail.

https://tass.com/science/1385499

Vladimir Solovyov, General Designer of RSC Energia, presenting slide on the upcoming Luna missions.