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    Russian Military Satellites: Development and Launches

    Hole
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    Post  Hole Sat Jan 29, 2022 8:25 pm

    Such satellites are not based in space but launched when need arises.
    George1
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    Post  George1 Sun Jan 30, 2022 1:06 am

    bandit6 wrote:Might anyone know if Russia currently has any hunter killer satellites in orbit? I heard that in the cold war they had a one that could shoot a metal ball at an enemy satellite

    introduce ypurself pls here:

    https://www.russiadefence.net/f6-member-introductions-and-rules
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    Post  PapaDragon Sun Jan 30, 2022 5:46 am

    bandit6 wrote:Might anyone know if Russia currently has any hunter killer satellites in orbit? I heard that in the cold war they had a one that could shoot a metal ball at an enemy satellite

    Not currently plus Outer Space Treaty is still on

    But considering how fast treaties are going out the window these days anything might happen soon
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    Post  George1 Sat Feb 05, 2022 2:37 pm

    Fregat booster delivers Russian military satellite to orbit

    it is the first Neitron (14F01) satellite russia

    https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/neitron.htm

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    Post  Hole Sat Feb 05, 2022 9:06 pm

    Imaging of orbital satellites... Cool Wink
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    Post  Big_Gazza Sun Feb 06, 2022 6:20 am

    George1 wrote:Fregat booster delivers Russian military satellite to orbit

    it is the first Neitron (14F01) satellite  russia

    https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/neitron.htm


    Launch is successful, payload delivered to correct orbit  source

    Fregat u/s now deorbited  source

    1st launch of 2022 russia

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    Russian Military Satellites: Development and Launches - Page 8 Empty Kosmos 2555 (MKA-R)

    Post  PapaDragon Thu May 19, 2022 11:30 pm

    Scorpius wrote:MOSCOW, April 29. /tass/. The Angara-1.2 light rocket launched for the first time with a spacecraft in the interests of the Russian Defense Ministry on Friday from the Plesetsk cosmodrome in the Arkhangelsk region, the ministry told reporters....

    Spacecraft in question (Kosmos-2555 military satellite) burned away in atmosphere after malfunctioning

    https://bmpd.livejournal.com/4527612.html

    Either have more of them in storage for quick replacement or do something about quality control

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    Post  andalusia Fri May 20, 2022 4:49 am

    Does Russia have a back up plan if their military satellites are jammed or shot down? I just saw this article and would like to know if Russia has these alternatives:

    Here is a quote from the article:

    "Draper has worked for decades on alternative technologies to GPS but the Pentagon only in recent years has expressed interest in exploring them amid warnings that military satellites are being targeted by enemies. In a recent interview with SpaceNews, Gabriel — a former deputy director of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency — cautioned that there will never be a single “silver bullet” that can replace a system as capable at GPS, but if U.S. satellite signals ever were disrupted, the military needs back-up options.

    “I think you’re going to see many approaches,” he said. “There will not be a single substitute. There will be a need for multiple solutions all operating at the same time.”

    Gabriel has offered the military a Draper-developed celestial navigation technology also known as a star tracker. “We’re excited about this system that is designed to be in GPS denied environments,” he said. Dubbed “celestial object sighting system,” it measures the position of satellites relative to stars. “Angular measurements can turn into GPS level accuracy,” Gabriel said. “We have so much junk in orbit that we have to track anyway. We can turn junk into a feature. We can do GPS level mapping using only stars and satellites.”

    Draper has made non-GPS navigation and timing a central part of its business. In addition to celestial tracking technologies, it has developed inertial navigation systems, precision time transfer using optics and chip-scale atomic clocks, and vision-based navigation that relies on cell phone cameras and signal processing algorithms."





    https://spacenews.com/no-gps-no-problem-there-are-increasingly-more-options/

    https://www.oxts.com/what-is-an-inertial-navigation-system/
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    Post  caveat emptor Fri May 20, 2022 5:51 am

    andalusia wrote:Does Russia have a back up plan if their military satellites are jammed or shot down? I just saw this article and would like to know if Russia has these alternatives:

    Here is a quote from the article:

    "Draper has worked for decades on alternative technologies to GPS but the Pentagon only in recent years has expressed interest in exploring them amid warnings that military satellites are being targeted by enemies. In a recent interview with SpaceNews, Gabriel — a former deputy director of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency — cautioned that there will never be a single “silver bullet” that can replace a system as capable at GPS, but if U.S. satellite signals ever were disrupted, the military needs back-up options.

    “I think you’re going to see many approaches,” he said. “There will not be a single substitute. There will be a need for multiple solutions all operating at the same time.”

    Gabriel has offered the military a Draper-developed celestial navigation technology also known as a star tracker. “We’re excited about this system that is designed to be in GPS denied environments,” he said. Dubbed “celestial object sighting system,” it measures the position of satellites relative to stars. “Angular measurements can turn into GPS level accuracy,” Gabriel said. “We have so much junk in orbit that we have to track anyway. We can turn junk into a feature. We can do GPS level mapping using only stars and satellites.”

    Draper has made non-GPS navigation and timing a central part of its business. In addition to celestial tracking technologies, it has developed inertial navigation systems, precision time transfer using optics and chip-scale atomic clocks, and vision-based navigation that relies on cell phone cameras and signal processing algorithms."





    https://spacenews.com/no-gps-no-problem-there-are-increasingly-more-options/

    https://www.oxts.com/what-is-an-inertial-navigation-system/
    Glonass system use both satellites and terrestrial antenas
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    Post  owais.usmani Fri May 20, 2022 8:07 am

    PapaDragon wrote:
    Scorpius wrote:MOSCOW, April 29. /tass/. The Angara-1.2 light rocket launched for the first time with a spacecraft in the interests of the Russian Defense Ministry on Friday from the Plesetsk cosmodrome in the Arkhangelsk region, the ministry told reporters....

    Spacecraft in question (Kosmos-2555 military satellite) burned away in atmosphere after malfunctioning

    https://bmpd.livejournal.com/4527612.html

    Either have more of them in storage for quick replacement or do something about quality control


    https://forum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?topic=54797.msg2369946#msg2369946

    For what it's worth: an anonymous poster on the NK forum is now claiming that both Kosmos-2551 and 2555 were used as targets to test the Peresvet mobile laser system. He doesn't reveal his source of information for that, saying only he knows this "for sure". It's hard to say how reliable this information is. It is interesting though that the re-entry of Kosmos-2555 coincided with a statement by Russia's Deputy Prime Minister Yuri Borisov that Peresvet is intended to blind enemy reconnaissance satellites flying over Russian territory (see yesterday's posts in the Peresvet thread).

    The same poster also said Kosmos-2555 is called EMKA, but that it is not nr. 3. This would indicate that Kosmos-2551 and 2555 are both considered "experimental small satellites" (which is what EMKA stands for), but are of a different type than the first EMKA, launched as Kosmos-2525 in 2018. Kosmos-2525 was also placed into a low orbit, but unlike Kosmos-2551 and 2555 performed regular maneuvers to maintain the proper altitude and was most likely on a photographic reconnaissance mission.

    In other words, EMKA could be a generic name that refers not to one particular type of satellite, but to several types of experimental satellites, possibly built by one and the same manufacturer (VNIIEM). As could be determined from a court document, the "specific" name of Kosmos-2525 was Razdan-N (not to be confused with the big Razdan photoreconnaissance satellites of RKTs Progress).

    The picture now emerging is that Kosmos-2551 and 2555 may not have been failures after all and were actually intended to stay in orbit for only several weeks. The chances that the two satellites suffered exactly the same type of failure must be considered relatively small.

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    Post  Big_Gazza Fri May 20, 2022 3:29 pm

    Russian military satellite launched from Plesetsk spaceport delivered into orbit

    MOSCOW, May 19. /TASS/. A military satellite launched from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome in Russia’s north has been successfully delivered into orbit, the Russian Defense Ministry reported on Thursday.

    "A satellite launched in the interests of the Defense Ministry of Russia by a combat team of the Aerospace Forces’ Space Troops from the Defense Ministry’s State Testing Cosmodrome today, on May 19, was delivered into the target orbit at the designated time and placed under control of the ground facilities of the Main Testing Space Center of the Aerospace Forces’ Space Troops," the ministry said in a statement.

    "After its delivery into orbit, the satellite was designated as the Kosmos-2556," it said.

    The Russian Defense Ministry reported earlier on Thursday that a combat team of the Russian Aerospace Forces’ Space Troops successfully launched a Soyuz-2.1a medium carrier rocket with a military satellite at 11:03 Moscow time on May 19. The pre-launch operations and the rocket’s launch proceeded in normal mode, it specified.

    source

    7/7 successful flights so far for 2022. thumbsup

    Funny how a "gas station masquerading as a country" with an economy "smaller than Italy" can have an independent space program (including manned operations) that launches more payload than ESA... clown

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    Post  PapaDragon Fri May 20, 2022 11:46 pm

    owais.usmani wrote:....

    The picture now emerging is that Kosmos-2551 and 2555 may not have been failures after all and were actually intended to stay in orbit for only several weeks. The chances that the two satellites suffered exactly the same type of failure must be considered relatively small.

    I prefer this option, hopefully it's the real one
    Scorpius
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    Post  Scorpius Sat May 21, 2022 9:14 pm

    PapaDragon wrote:
    owais.usmani wrote:....

    The picture now emerging is that Kosmos-2551 and 2555 may not have been failures after all and were actually intended to stay in orbit for only several weeks. The chances that the two satellites suffered exactly the same type of failure must be considered relatively small.

    I prefer this option, hopefully it's the real one

    Simple logic: if this is the loss of two military satellites in a row, we will soon see resignations among the leadership of the Space Forces. If not, then...
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    Post  limb Sat May 21, 2022 10:49 pm

    Is glonass sufficient for guiding satellite guided bombs against movin g targets in Ukraine? Can russians spot ukrainian moving trains in real time through satellites?
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    Post  flamming_python Sun May 22, 2022 12:14 am

    limb wrote:Can russians spot ukrainian moving trains in real time through satellites?

    Of course not

    Spy satellites are only above a given location once per orbit. In theory they can be put into a geosynchronous orbit, but those orbits tend to be further away from Earth and you won't get sufficient resolution. Maybe that's going to change with the latest tech and optics.

    You're also not going to spot much at night either, satellites depend on the reflection of sunlight from the Earth. Or when its cloudy


    Last edited by flamming_python on Sun May 22, 2022 8:54 am; edited 2 times in total
    GarryB
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    Post  GarryB Sun May 22, 2022 8:48 am

    Western GPS is useless for tracking and hitting moving targets, how could GLONASS manage that?

    A moving target by definition changes its ground or air coordinates... as it moves.

    Using map coordinates to hit such a target would require you know the coordinates of the target at the time you hit it with the weapon.

    There are two ways to do that with a train target... blow up the tracks en route so the train has to stop there and then hit it with satellite guided weapons... but you would need a few because you can't be sure where they are going to stop and how long they will stay before reversing out of this obvious trap.

    The othe option is to hit the station it is taking the supplies to... just as it arrives....

    Obviously with a target like a train I would use the fact that train tracks are visible and don't have sharp turns... 100km down the track from where your target is expected launch a Kh-59M (HATO codename AS-18 Kazoo) which has been in service for a very very long time now... as soon as you launch it your aircraft can turn to a purpendicular flight course because it can control the missile and receive target data via a datalink pod the aircraft carries that will work to about 150km range.

    Fly the missile towards the train line and then turn and fly down the train line looking for the target.. you can fly it high for good visibility or 15m above the track... when it spots the suitable train it can drop down to 2m above the track and hit the engine or the front carriage.

    Another option would be to destroy a bridge in the path of the train... preferably as the train is crossing the bridge... the bridge is a fixed coordinate target and would be easy to hit it would just be a question of timing.

    Of course most of their cruise missiles used terminal guidance so the satellite navigation gets them to the area the target is expected to be and then the terminal guidance... whether radar or optical can locate the actual target and guide the weapon in to hit it precisely.

    Normally you have other aircraft with you that can lase a target for a laser homing missile to hit a moving target, or a TV guided weapon like a Kh-29T or as I mentioned the TV guided Kh-59K with a digital data link and small turbojet sustainer engine can be used.

    Russia will have rather accurate digital maps of the Ukraine and could use radar guided weapons to detect moving targets like vehicles or trains too... the Kh-31 or the Kh-35 would be excellent for hitting train sized targets on the move.

    They have spy satellites that are not in geosynchronous orbits but they don't hover over the region like they do in the movies.

    You need multiple satellites and you likely still wont get 24/7 continuous coverage of every part of the country... but you don't need to continuously track a train to hit it. Or a large group of civilian vehicles that seem to be headed towards the conflict zone instead of away from it with some vehicles towing strange looking trailers with them if you know what I mean...
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    Post  Gazputin Sun May 22, 2022 2:29 pm

    came across this today by chance
    I didn't think you could "turn-off" the satellites
    ( and you can detune them having experienced that myself in the middle of the Pacific 20 years ago or so )

    anyway interesting summary of how they can de-tune it ...
    and the location of Rus GPS groundstations

    Russia will be disconnected from GPS in April-May 2022
    "Roscosmos on April 22 will send technical proposals to the Ministry of Transport and the Federal Air Transport Agency to replace GPS with GLONASS subscriber equipment. It will also be able to receive a signal from the Chinese navigation system," Rogozin wrote on Twitter.

    The consequences of disabling GPS

    in Russia will be noticeable, but not critical.
    To begin with, it is impossible to disconnect a particular country from the GPS purely technically. After all, the orbits of satellites are not stationary, so it is impossible to turn off the satellites responsible for a certain zone:
    each satellite has too large a coverage area.
    However, theoretically, it is possible to disable 11 GPS ground stations located in:

    Kaluga and Sverdlovsk regions;
    Krasnoyarsk Territory;
    Yakutia;
    Irkutsk;
    Magadan;
    Yuzhny Sakhalin;
    Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.

    It is they who constantly refine the parameters improving the quality of navigation. This can lead to a decrease in the accuracy of satellite geodesy in Russia and a deterioration in positioning on devices to several hundred meters.

    Russian ground stations in the United States.
    You can't turn off GPS, but you can distort the data.
    In 2008, this was already done

    (this also confirms it is impossible to use GPS to hit a moving target re discussion above )

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    Post  GarryB Mon May 23, 2022 2:45 am

    Turning off ground stations in Russia is a good thing, they are used to make GPS in those regions more precise by measuring the signals from the satellites from fixed known locations so any error can be measured and used in nearby receivers to correct the location to a better precision.
    In other words a site that is in known position of x y z uses a GPS receiver to find its position via GPS is out by 10m in X an 3m in Y and 4m in Z.... then they can send the information to the US who can adjust the signals to make the signals more accurate for the area... maybe 0.5m, 0.1m and 0.4m off... which will effect the accuracy of the entire region by improving it. But obviously it also improves the precision of the military signal too.

    During the confict in Georgia it was stated that the Civilian signals were turned off in that region... it would not be hard... the satellites have fixed orbits and their civilian signals could be turned off as they approach selected regions and turned back on once they passed those regions, or their accuracy reduced to the point where they were hundreds of kms out making them useless.

    US claims they no longer degrade the accuracy and wouldn't turn it off are not to be trusted... I wouldn't believe them if they said the sky was blue.
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    Post  owais.usmani Fri May 27, 2022 3:16 pm

    PapaDragon wrote:
    Scorpius wrote:MOSCOW, April 29. /tass/. The Angara-1.2 light rocket launched for the first time with a spacecraft in the interests of the Russian Defense Ministry on Friday from the Plesetsk cosmodrome in the Arkhangelsk region, the ministry told reporters....

    Spacecraft in question (Kosmos-2555 military satellite) burned away in atmosphere after malfunctioning

    https://bmpd.livejournal.com/4527612.html

    Either have more of them in storage for quick replacement or do something about quality control


    https://forum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?topic=54797.msg2371757#msg2371757

    The VNIIEM Corporation is working on a satellite project called Geovysota. These are aerodynamically shaped satellites designed to operate in very low orbits and probably look similar to the satellite seen in the attachment. Kosmos-2551 and 2555 may have been the first satellites of this type and it is very well possible that their missions were not failures as widely reported in the media. See the thread on Geovysota:

    https://forum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?topic=56422.0

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    Post  limb Thu Jul 14, 2022 3:00 pm

    Is the liana system operational?
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    Post  GarryB Fri Jul 15, 2022 6:25 am

    AFAIK yes, but it is a global naval system, not a regional tactical ground warfare system.
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    Post  Big_Gazza Tue Aug 02, 2022 5:45 am

    The RF Ministry of Defense announced the launch of the Soyuz-2.1v light-class rocket from the Plesetsk cosmodrome

    Pre-launch operations and the launch of the rocket took place in the normal mode, the department noted.

    MOSCOW, 1 August. /TASS/. The Soyuz-2.1v light-class rocket launched on Monday evening from the Plesetsk cosmodrome, it will put into orbit a spacecraft developed for the Russian Defense Ministry, the department of information and mass communications of the military department told reporters on Friday.

    "On Monday, August 1, at 23:25 Moscow time, from the State Test Cosmodrome of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (Plesetsk Cosmodrome), the combat crew of the Aerospace Forces successfully launched a Soyuz-2.1v light launch vehicle with a spacecraft, developed in the interests of the Russian Ministry of Defense," the statement said.

    It is noted that the pre-launch operations and the launch of the rocket took place in the normal mode. The launch and flight of the rocket was controlled by means of a ground-based automated control complex.

    It is also reported that the ground assets of the Space Forces of the Russian Aerospace Forces took the Soyuz-2.1v rocket for escort. "The Soyuz-2.1v space rocket, which launched at 23:25 (MSK) from the Plesetsk state test cosmodrome, was accepted for escort by ground means of the Main Test Space Center named after G. S. Titov of the Space Forces Air -Space Forces," the statement said.

    The upper stage "Volga" with a military satellite regularly separated from the second stage of the Soyuz-2.1v rocket, which put it into orbit. "The space warhead of the Soyuz-2.1v light-class space rocket as part of the Volga launch unit and the spacecraft launched in the interests of the Russian Ministry of Defense, at the estimated time - 23 hours 34 minutes (Moscow time) - routinely separated from the second stage of the launch vehicle "Soyuz-2.1v", - the message says.

    source

    10/10 for the year so far, plus 1 more out of Kourou for the Eurotrash.   thumbsup

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    Post  George1 Tue Aug 02, 2022 10:12 pm

    what type, we dont know yet
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    Post  Big_Gazza Wed Aug 03, 2022 1:10 pm

    George1 wrote:what type, we dont know yet

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    Post  George1 Wed Aug 03, 2022 6:19 pm

    satellite inspector ? Question

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