GarryB wrote:
Mongolia getting rich does not hurt them either...
That is a more brilliant example than you might think actually.
Mongolia is a perfect case of a very weak, low-populated country spread between two mighty neighbors, who both have been suffering severely under their rule a few ages ago.
Objectively, both Russia and China should have some issues against Mongolia, including historical hate, rage, and the need for revenge.
And the opposite - Mongols could feel some phantom pains of empire, rage towards the Chinese because of being conquered and de facto liquidated as an independent khanate.
Yet, nothing like that happened.
What's more, we are talking about the things that happened 100 years ago only, as back in 1912 the Chinese constitution was considering Mongolia as an undisputed part of China.
Imperial Russia not only recognized the newly reconstituted Mongolian statehood, while facing pressure from England to drown them in blood, but persuaded the Chinese to sign a trilateral agreement. Nobody was perfectly fine with it, but nobody was a loser either.
As civil war tore apart Imperial Russia, some dark days came for Mongolia as well - but finally the struggle brought a Soviet Mongolia to the scene, which again shared the fate of the Soviet Union. Including the purges.
Finally, the Soviets persuaded the Chinese again to respect Mongolian independence, and they agreed under the condition of performing a country-wide referendum.
Chinese observers assisted in it, confirming a 100% voting for the independance, and that made them finally withdraw any territorial or political claims back in 1945...
Since the 1920s, Mongolia is a close and trusted Soviet/Russian ally, enjoying vast Soviet and later Russian support.
To this very day, the Mongolian railroad operator is a de facto division of the Russian RŻD, managed a rotative manner by the managers from both countries. They have fought side by side multiple times. Mongols accepted hell of orphaned children in the WW2, gathered money and volunteers, created Mongolian armed units to fight along with the Soviets, and delivered hell of supplies to them. The most important were warm clothes that saved thousands of lives in Soviet ranks.
And again, as soon as the war ended, the Soviets paid back the friendship, starting with the mentioned referendum, and multiple industrial projects, and unconditional support till the sad end of the Soviet Union.
To this very day, the entire elite of Mongolia speaks fluent Russian, most of them educated in Russian schools.
Mongols are considered trusted friends and allies, and the idea of offending Russians by calling them "Mongoloids" or any other ksenophobic agenda can make them laugh only.
Sure, the Tuvan originating Shoigu feels very offended hearing that he has the blood of Gyngis Khan, the ruler of the whole world once who established the empire bigger than Alexander the Great