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    BVR Air-to-Air Missiles Development

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    Post  ahmedfire Mon May 16, 2011 4:17 am

    This is from April 2004 and apparently it was an interview with the SD-10 designer. The original SD-10 was superior to the R-77 and the AIM-120 A/B and was very close to the AIM-120C. So the fact that the SD-10A is superior to AIM-120C should be no suprise!!

    Also note that for ALL THE MISSILES the the targets are approaching at greather than Mach 1.2. So for a missile with a max speed of Mach 4, the target will be hit at about 70% of the given max range. I say 70% because the missile does not travel at Mach 4, the average speed for it flight is a lot less.

    Some translations and points discovered by Hyperwarp in the AFM concerning an magazine published article of an interview with the designer of the SD-10.

    "Efective combat altitude 0-25Km.
    Ability to engage target 10kms higher or lower than launch altitude.
    Range at 10Km altitude at M1.2 target at same altitude =70Km.
    No escape zone for F-16 type target = 35-45km
    Max overload=38G, Speed =4M
    Plans to be also used as SAM system."

    "Designer was asked at end to rate BVR AAMs. He rated Meteor as best BVR AAM, then AIM-120C, then his SD-10, then AIM-120A/B, R-77, Skyflash at equal fourth, then Derby, and last of all, MICA."

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    Post  nightcrawler Tue May 17, 2011 5:53 am


    "Designer was asked at end to rate BVR AAMs. He rated Meteor as best BVR AAM, then AIM-120C, then his SD-10, then AIM-120A/B, R-77, Skyflash at equal fourth, then Derby, and last of all, MICA."

    I don't know whether he spoke some sanity because at our defence forum notable people calibrated SD-10 at 70% to that of AiM-120!!
    ...& because AiM-120 & R-77 are close match SD-10 will also be 70% to the performance of the latter

    As a further note I must mention that for SEAD operations we have successfully integrated Brazilian MAR-1 with our JF-17

    http://www.geo.tv/12-3-2008/29986.htm

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    Post  GarryB Wed May 18, 2011 12:19 am

    This is from April 2004 and apparently it was an interview with the SD-10 designer. The original SD-10 was superior to the R-77 and the AIM-120 A/B and was very close to the AIM-120C. So the fact that the SD-10A is superior to AIM-120C should be no suprise!!

    The current in service R-77 is actually the analog RVV-AE.

    I would expect the designer of the SD-10 to claim superiority over otherwise largely unknown weapons.
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    Post  ahmedfire Fri May 20, 2011 6:24 am

    take this;

    Besides TVC and an IIR seeker, this last point is the main difference between the Mica IR and its russian cousin, the R-27 T/ET. Indeed, the lack of data link prevents the R-27 T to be locked after launch and therefore limit its effective firing range to the range of its IR seeker. That the reason why, unlike the Mica IR, it's not a truly BVR IR missile but rather a long endurance FOX 2 intended to catch up fleeing targets at 10-15 km range.

    Despite all those qualities that make it one the most dangerous air defense missile on the battlefield today, the Mica has some drawbacks :

    It's small and light, which is good, but that limited size also prevents the Mica to compete with the last versions of the larger AIM-120C7/D amraam when it comes to raw effective range.
    It is very expensive due to the rather limited number of units produced, compared to the amraam
    It has a one way datalink whereas up&down datalinks are becoming the norm for BVR missiles.

    http://rafalenews.blogspot.com/2010/11/mica-replacement-into-question.html


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    Post  ahmedfire Fri May 20, 2011 6:32 am

    what is the disadvantage of being one way datalink ?

    may be more dependable on AWACS ..

    so i see that Gripen data link is better than Rafale !

    Rafale will be equipped with a less capable version of METEOR, because Rafale lacks a 2-way missile guidance link ( i think that )


    Last edited by ahmedfire on Fri May 20, 2011 7:09 am; edited 1 time in total
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    Post  GarryB Fri May 20, 2011 7:08 am

    First of all the R-27T and R-27ET don't have data links because they don't need them.

    When they entered service BVR was a dream and no one in their right mind would fire on a long range target without properly checking it out first by closing to visual range.

    The purpose of the IR guided R-27s was to allow low level launches against receeding targets.

    The tracking and lock on range of most radars in fighter aircraft is limited by a number of factors and a low level target flying directly away from you is a particularly difficult target to get a lock on, let alone engage with an SARH missile.

    The effective range of a SPARROW for instance against a low flying F-111 would probably be no better than 15-20km.

    An R-27ET could probably double that range because of the extra fuel and the fact that the F-111 in AB presents an excellent IR target.

    An SR-71 could also be engaged at long range because of its IR signature but most of the time the R-27T and R-27ET are carried as chase down weapons.

    Now to the two way datalink... the effectiveness of any radar is effected by distance to the target. Having a two way datalink is like having a video pod for the Kh-59M (AS-18 Kazoo). It means that when the missile gets to the target area it can send back data so that the launch aircraft might decide to change the designated target for the missile.
    For instance if fired a a radar return... as the missile closed with the target it detect within it field of view the weak IR signature of an F-22 shaped aircraft.

    Imaging IR missiles store 3D IR signatures and can identify a range of aircraft based on this database.

    If you fire a missile at what you think is an F-16 and on its way to the target it sees to its side what clearly appears to be an F-22 then using a 2 way datalink you could command the missile to turn and engage the F-22... which is a higher priority target.

    It is really mainly useful for ramjet or scramjet powered missiles that can throttle up or down because a rocket powered missile is just coasting and trying not to burn up too much energy on the way to its target area.
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    Post  ahmedfire Sun May 22, 2011 1:17 pm

    Garry:

    so,it's not abig advantage (2 way data link)...


    Rafale will be equipped with a less capable version of METEOR, because Rafale lacks a 2-way missile guidance link

    think that could be true ?
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    Post  GarryB Sun May 22, 2011 10:24 pm

    The Meteor is the exception because of its propulsion.

    With a ramjet it is possible to throttle the power, so after the initial boost given by the rocket booster the ramjet kicks in... now for a long range shot the rocket booster and the initial ramjet burn could be used to gain altitude and then level off with a medium level throttle on the ramjet to cruise to the target area.

    The lower throttle setting means it takes longer to get to the target area but it also means it will get there with fuel to burn to sustain turns and change targets.

    With this performance and using an IIR seeker this means that after getting to the target area 3 minutes later the IIR seeker can scan the area up close and find targets and send information about those targets back to the launch aircraft and the launch aircraft can select the target to attack.

    If the Russians develop this sort of technology for their ramjet or scramjet powered R-77 missile they are working on this would mean that in combat the slightest hint that a stealth target is present... ie no X band AESA return but hints of L band AESA returns and the odd Link datalink signal he could fire a long range scramjet powered missile in a direction to look for targets... the ultimate UCAV with its own built in warhead payload.


    So yes, a two way datalink makes sense for a ramjet powered AAM, but for rocket powered missiles that burn and reach top speed and then coast the rest of the way finding a new target in a different location is a risk because the missile might not have enough energy left to get the new target and so if you retarget you will likely hit neither.

    I don't see why Rafale could not be fitted with a two way datalink if it was considered worth it.

    Sounds like the makers of Typhoon trying to put down Rafale to me.

    The integration of Meteor should include datalinks so it comes down to whether you want to pay for the two way or to buy the cheaper missile model.
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    BVR Air-to-Air Missiles Development - Page 2 Empty Meteor vs RVV-BD (R-37) Long Range AAM

    Post  Austin Sun Oct 30, 2011 7:29 am

    I want to initiate a discussion on which of the two is a better Long Range Air to Air Missile.

    Here are are information of both from Official source

    Meteor -- http://www.mbda-systems.com/mediagallery/files/Meteor_ds.pdf

    RVV-BD -- RVV-BD long-range guided missile is presented at MAKS-2011 for the first time. In comparison with its predecessor R-33E long-range guided missile the new one has improved technical performance. High aerodynamic quality of RVV-BD missile and use of dual-mode solid – fuelled motor taking into consideration its all-up weight up to 510 caliber, permit launch – range up to 200 km (R – 33E has launch range only 120 km) and ability to destroy targets with overload up to 8 g (R – 33E able to destroy only with 4 g overload) at the altitude from 15 m to 25 km.


    I think the disadvantage of RVV-BD is that it can destroy target with only 8g ( most aircraft can do 9G these days ) and its heavier 510 kg  but has a longer range 200 km.
    Heavier would also mean it has more kinetic energy.

    Meteor advantage is its lighter and has all the way ramjet propulsion , range as i read was 180 km slightly shorter then RVV-BD 200 km.
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    Post  Mindstorm Sun Oct 30, 2011 9:58 am

    I think the disadvantage of RVV-BD is that it can destroy target with only 8g ( most aircraft can do 9G these days ) and its heavier 510 kg but has a longer range 200 km.
    Heavier would also mean it has more kinetic energy.

    Meteor advantage is its lighter and has all the way ramjet propulsion , range as i read was 180 km slightly shorter then RVV-BD 200 km.


    We must be clear here:

    1) RVV-BD and Meteor are weapons in completely different class : The former is a long range AAM ,the latter is a medium range (see later for some clarifications on the parameters ....)
    2) RVV-BD ,as in perfect russian tradition, is a downgraded export model of the internal missile, exactly like RVV-SD and RVV-MD ; to the opposite, a Meteor eventually sold to Australian Air Force will be completely indistinguishable from one operative with German Air Force ,exactly like today happen with AIM-120 series
    3) The operational tasks for the two missiles are completely different and each of them will be only partially and less efficiently executed by the the other missile.

    Naturally when i say that the first missile is a long range AAM and the second instead a medium range i am forced also to clarify the question of the real parameters of the two missiles.

    We know that RVV-BD engagement range -200 km- is the range that Russian MoD has established as the limit allowed for export models in this class of weapons ,naturally the range of domestic version (exactly like for other crucial features) is significantly higher than that .
    Now a question even more important for what previously said : the engagement range of Meteor is in the 100 km area, those numbers -170/180 km - come from the same persons claiming figures for range of AIM-120 missile ,litterally double in respect to the real.
    Exactly like for AIM-120 missiles the real figures for Meteor's range are immensely less "Hollywoodian"....figures ,obviously, perfectly matching the weapon's solid fuel fraction,the propulsion effciency of a ramjet motor in its volumetric class ,aerodynamic layout etc..etc.. ;



    www.defenseindustrydaily.com/meteor-missile-will-make-changes-to-accommodate-f35-0599/


    In brief Meteor was designed for doubling the nominal range of AIM-120C5 (48 km ) and ,naturally for multiply several times its NEZ .
    That last quality (effect oif its propulsion) is the real advantage offered by Meteor over its competitors ,in particular against highly manoeuvrable or,worse,supermanoeuvrable opponents equiped with modern MAWS, against which PK of actual medium range AAM are very very slim.

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    Post  Austin Sun Oct 30, 2011 2:14 pm

    In brief Meteor was designed for doubling the nominal range of AIM-120C5 (48 km ) and ,naturally for multiply several times its NEZ .


    So if AIM-120C5 range is 48 km and RVV-SD range is 100 km , does that make RVV-SD equal in capability to Meteor or AIM-120C5 ?

    Perhaps the Ramjet propulsion which keeps it energetic in all flight parameters compared to coasting that solid fuel uses makes all the difference ?
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    Post  Mindstorm Sun Oct 30, 2011 5:47 pm


    So if AIM-120C5 range is 48 km and RVV-SD range is 100 km , does that make RVV-SD equal in capability to Meteor or AIM-120C5 ?


    Question Question Question If you mean RVV-SD equal in the range parameter with Meteor i can articulate a response ,but i truly don't understand for what strange reason the 48 km of AIM-120C5 and the 110 km of RVV-SD should render the two AAM equal in capabilities .

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    Post  GarryB Sun Oct 30, 2011 11:19 pm

    First of all these definitely two different classes of missiles.

    The 8g target limitation is hardly a limitation... against Hornets the target can't pull more than 8gs safely, nor can most aircraft with folding wing structures.

    Even fewer modern aircraft can pull 9gs with a full weapon load.

    The important factor of course is what these very different weapons are to be used for... the Meteor is a double range AMRAAM... the RVV-BD is not a double range RVV-SD.

    The RVV-BD is for use against targets like bombers, Jstars, AWACs, AEW, tankers, transports, U-2s and SR-71s, the electronic versions of C-130s and various Boeings in military use.

    The Meteor is certainly lighter, and will also have a much smaller warhead so it must get closer to its target to be effective.

    The ramjet propulsion will allow more efficient use of fuel/energy, but being a jet motor could flame out during some manouvers/situations.

    The IR signature of a jet engine will be higher than that of a burnt out Rocket motor.

    Both missiles will be very good used in the ways they were designed for... which is why I suspect that soon enough we will see a variation of the R-77 though I think the delay suggests they are going for a more ambitious scramjet propulsion rather than just Ramjet, which Soviet scientists incorporated in the SA-6 SAM, plus the Kh-31 series and a few other designs as well (Moskit, Yakhont, Oniks).

    While a jet engine can stall or flameout, it can also be throttled back or even shut down and restarted.

    Look at this picture:
    BVR Air-to-Air Missiles Development - Page 2 Holod110

    This is an SA-5 missile that was used for SRAMJET tests.
    The can thing on the nose of the missile is the scramjet while the warhead section has been replaced with a fuel supply for the scramjet and the nose mounted seeker is replaced with telemetry equipment to pass data back to the ground control to monitor the performance in conjunction with ground based sensors/radar.

    The idea is to launch the SA-5 missile normally to a high altitude and high speed and then fire up the scramjet to test it.

    The missile was launched and flew up to "above 20,000m" and a flight speed of mach 5, which took about 30 seconds. In flight the solid rocket boosters operated normally and fell away after they were expended to reduce drag and weight.
    The scramjet started when the whole air vehicle reached burn out.

    The Scramjet operated for 120 seconds (2 minutes) and accelerated from mach 5 to mach 6 and travelled about 240km down range.

    Now any way you look at it that SA-5 missile is a large draggy object for such a relatively small motor to propel.

    With new materials and super computers to do the calculations I would suspect a new missile with scramjet propulsion would have even better performance.
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    Post  Austin Mon Oct 31, 2011 1:16 am

    Mindstorm wrote:
    Question Question Question If you mean RVV-SD equal in the range parameter with Meteor i can articulate a response ,but i truly don't understand for what strange reason the 48 km of AIM-120C5 and the 110 km of RVV-SD should render the two AAM equal in capabilities .


    Ok first thing first the range of 48 Km is for AIM-120A which is the initial model , the AIM-120C5 has a range of ~ 110 km similar to RVV-SD , the AIM-120C7 has similar range but better ECCM.

    http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html

    So I think the goal doubling of NEZ for Meteor would be against AIM-120A model.

    The range of Meteor is quoted at 100 km+ , In one of the presentation i saw of MBDA the range of stated at 180 km i remember such figures.

    But lets assume that AIM-120C5/7 , RVV-SD and Meteor has similar range , the meteor would still be better because of its all powered Ramjet propulsion and perhaps more modern design.

    From I what I read for BVR missile the effective range would warry depending if the target is approaching or receeding , so the real effective range is roughly half then what it is advertised because solid fuel missile tend to coast and the end game energy is not good enough to engage a manouvering target or target with better kinemetics.

    So for AIM-120C5 and RVV-SD the effective NEZ will be around 55 km or so better then older AIM-120A and R-77 which had around 40 km.

    Meteor has still much better NEZ at 100 km compared to all solid fuel missile
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    Post  Austin Mon Oct 31, 2011 1:24 am

    Just reminded me reading Yefim Gordon book on Mig-31 , where he had mentioned of R-37 as 280 km range missile , the RVV-BD is ofcourse limited to 200 km.

    He states that for a fighter size manouvering target the R-37 effective range is around 150 km and for bigger targets like AWACS and similar non manouvering type it is ~300 km
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    Post  Austin Mon Oct 31, 2011 1:36 am

    Garry , Ramjet engine enjoys a certain advantage and certain disadvantage as well.

    The advantage are is all the way active burning through out its flight , no coasting here , it has low volume and low weight hence meteor is a lighter missile for a longer range , you can stop and burn again a ramjet in flight ( unlike liquid fuel rocket engine ) but you can throttle it and use energy effeciently in different phases of flight , Meteor ramjet is again a solid fuel so question of stopping and buring does not arise.

    The disadvantage of ramjet are it is effecient at mid altitudes typical 10 - 20 km , the higher you go the air gets thinner and you are starved of oxidiser , so Ramjet missile typical cannot use of high altitude advantage like solid fuel missile , ramjet missile uses bank while you turn while solid fuel missile uses skid while you turn since the ramjet intake has to receive enough air to keep it burning , skid while you turn is more effecient and effective against manouvering target.
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    Post  Austin Mon Oct 31, 2011 1:48 am

    Mindstorm here are some data regarding BVR missile that I gathered from Toan , he has been reliable on this front

    http://www.f-16.net/f-16_forum_viewtopic-t-6584-start-180.html

    # AIM-120B (now): 74 km (maximal range), 50 ~ 60 km (maximal effective range), 30 ~ 40 km (NEZ range).
    # AIM-120C5 (2008): 81 ~ 92.5 km (maximal range), 55 ~ 75 km (maximal effective range), 35 ~ 50 km (NEZ range).
    #AIM-120C6 (now): 81 ~ 92.5 km (maximal range), 55 ~ 75 km (maximal effective range), 35 ~ 50 km (NEZ range).
    #AIM-120D (2013): 111 km (maximal range), 75 ~ 90 km (maximal effective range), 45 ~ 60 km (NEZ range).

    Meteor: Meteor (post-2012): 200 km+ (maximal range), 150 km+ (maximal effective range), 100 km+ (NEZ range).

    Effective range of its BVRAAMs in supersonic head-to-head engagement at medial to high altitude:

    * R-77: 50 ~ 80 km (maximal effective range).
    * R-77M: 80 ~ 120 km (maximal effective range).
    * R-77 Ramjet-powered: 160 km+ (maximal effective range)
    * R-37: 300 km+ (maximal effective range for anti-AWACS mission)
    * KS-172: 400 km+ (maximal effective range for anti-AWACS mission)


    I think the Ramjet R-77 and KS-172 is dead project


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    Post  GarryB Mon Oct 31, 2011 6:10 am

    But lets assume that AIM-120C5/7 , RVV-SD and Meteor has similar range , the meteor would still be better because of its all powered Ramjet propulsion and perhaps more modern design.

    More modern design?
    Is Meteor a Photon Torpedo or something?

    How could it be better if it has a similar range yet uses a more efficient form of propulsion...

    A rocket motor is simple and relatively cheap with no moving parts... the reason you would use a ramjet propulsion system is to get better range performance... in all the time it has taken to get Meteor ready for service it seems the conventional rocket motor missiles have caught it up.

    Which would likely be a good reason why the Russians seem to have not bothered with a ramjet R-77 and perhaps gone for scramjet powered missile instead.

    Ramjet is more efficient and lighter, but the reduction in weight is not accompanied by a reduction in volume as the meteor still needs a solid rocket booster to get it up to speed and when that is used up you need space inside for the ramjet and its fuel.

    From I what I read for BVR missile the effective range would warry depending if the target is approaching or receeding , so the real effective range is roughly half then what it is advertised because solid fuel missile tend to coast and the end game energy is not good enough to engage a manouvering target or target with better kinemetics.

    A target that changes direction a lot and is flying fast is the worst target because the long flight time of a very long range missile means the intercept point moves the most with such targets and constantly adjusting to different intercept points wastes energy.

    Most very long range missiles use lofted flight profiles to minimise drag and increase flight range to target.

    Their speed attacking the target is something like mach 5-6.

    Do you think you could dodge a rifle bullet in a car?

    If you had warning it was coming and precise range information for the last few seconds till impact you might be able to pull a hard turn, but a 60 kg warhead in the RVV-BD with directional fusing means even if you evade impact with the missile the warhead is going to shatter your aircraft into a hundred pieces anyway.

    A diving missile coming at Mach 6 simply would not be visible to the pilot in any sense of time that has meaning. Mach 1 is 320m/s and Mach 6 is almost 2km per second... there is no way you could see the missile 2km away because the rocket motor is burnt out and it is just falling... how far can any aircraft move and turn in the 1 second that missile would need to cross that 2km of distance between you and it?
    And remember it is already flying to the point where you are going to be if you don't turn, so pulling hard on the stick and cranking the aircraft into a 9 g turn might only put 5m between your plane and where the missile is going to flash past... a 60kg HE warhead would have a lethal radius of at least 40m. Probably rather more with a directional warhead.

    Meteor has still much better NEZ at 100 km compared to all solid fuel missile

    The RVV-BD has a NEZ of about 150km...

    Just reminded me reading Yefim Gordon book on Mig-31 , where he had mentioned of R-37 as 280 km range missile , the RVV-BD is ofcourse limited to 200 km.

    In tests it had a flight distance of 300km to target using an Su-30 for target data because the launch platform was not fitted with the ZASLON-M.

    Garry , Ramjet engine enjoys a certain advantage and certain disadvantage as well.

    I know. Smile

    The advantage are is all the way active burning through out its flight , no coasting here ,

    Actually burning all the way is not an advantage at all, it increases the IR signature of the missile and creates a larger IR plume behind the weapon in flight.

    it has low volume and low weight hence meteor is a lighter missile for a longer range ,

    Actually this is also not great as it means the Meteor is large for its weight... think of how that effects a balloons ballistics...

    The reduced weight is good as the motor has to carry less weight, but the larger volume increases drag.

    you can stop and burn again a ramjet in flight ( unlike liquid fuel rocket engine ) but you can throttle it and use energy effeciently in different phases of flight ,

    This looks a little confused... liquid fuelled rockets certainly can be throttled to control thrust in flight, and throttling the engine makes a lot of sense.

    When a rocket first starts off it needs a lot of thrust to get it accelerating and often climbing too. Once it gets to its max speed any extra thrust is wasted, but solid rockets overcome this problem with two types of fuel mix.
    The inner layer is high energy fast burning fuel so when the missile is first launched it accelerates quickly, but as it approaches top speed drag increases to the point where it matches the thrust so the speed peaks and then starts to fall as the high energy fuel burns out.
    The next layer of fuel is lower energy but burns for much much longer. This second layer of fuel does not accelerate the missile, in fact the speed of the missile will start to reduce, but the slower burning fuel will counter drag and help the missile maintain its speed much longer than it would with a few extra seconds of high energy fuel.

    The high thrust fuel might burn out in 4-10 seconds with the lower calorie fuel burning for a minute... the result is a much longer flight range than if it had all high calorie fuel and maybe burned for 12-15 seconds.

    Meteor ramjet is again a solid fuel so question of stopping and buring does not arise.

    It depends on how the fuel works... a powder delivered to the burning chamber could be stopped and restarted... the throttle could be reduced to the point where it is practically stopped.

    Mindstorm here are some data regarding BVR missile that I gathered from Toan , he has been reliable on this front

    Interesting that he gives range specifications for dead projects.

    I would think dead projects would not achieve such performance figures and then be cancelled.

    Like I said above the ramjet powered AAM is a dead end as solid rocket motors can emulate similar range performance in more compact packages... for internal use in 5th gen aircraft weight is not as important as volume...

    Any future jet powered AAM from Russia will be scramjet powered, which will be a much more significant step than ramjet.

    Very simply it offers the change to greatly increase flight speeds, which makes longer range interception possible as it reduces the time for the target to move out of the engagement area... a mach 8-10 missile really would be a shot from the blue.
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    Post  GarryB Mon Oct 31, 2011 6:16 am

    Of course the other factor for the Europeans is that these radar guided missiles with very long flight ranges are all very nice, but there is no way a Euro Canard will detect an PAK FA at such ranges while the PAK FA will almost certainly be able to detect them at such ranges as to reach them with the Russian R-37M that will probably be able to hit manouvering targets at 200km (and AWACS much further out).

    The point is that the Eurocanards will have Meteors but no AWACs support, while the Flankers and Pak Fa will have a new array of missiles including IIR guided weapons no doubt...

    All this focus on Meteors...

    Trying to justify not picking the Mig-35 are we Austin?
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    Post  Austin Mon Oct 31, 2011 7:41 am

    GarryB wrote:More modern design?
    Is Meteor a Photon Torpedo or something?

    It is still better then any thing out there and more versatile barring perhaps the R-37M and matching the RVV-BD by and large.

    How could it be better if it has a similar range yet uses a more efficient form of propulsion...

    It does not coast in flight but is powered in flight , in the end game it would matter a lot as solid rocket loses lot of energy while ramjet would remain active all through the flight , energy management is better with ramjet for similar range compared to solid fuel

    A rocket motor is simple and relatively cheap with no moving parts... the reason you would use a ramjet propulsion system is to get better range performance... in all the time it has taken to get Meteor ready for service it seems the conventional rocket motor missiles have caught it up.


    Yes in some ways yes there is now dual propulsion motor but ramjet still remains good on many counts specially the end game energy.

    ramjet gives you both weight and volume reduction and the booster is just to start the ramjet after that it is jettisioned. So it does not carry the dead weight of booster.

    Which would likely be a good reason why the Russians seem to have not bothered with a ramjet R-77 and perhaps gone for scramjet powered missile instead.

    Scramjet for BVR missile Very Happy



    If you had warning it was coming and precise range information for the last few seconds till impact you might be able to pull a hard turn, but a 60 kg warhead in the RVV-BD with directional fusing means even if you evade impact with the missile the warhead is going to shatter your aircraft into a hundred pieces anyway.

    True proximity fuse plays its own part and so does directional warhead. Hence the 9G pull wont matter a lot.

    The RVV-BD has a NEZ of about 150km...

    Dont think so , RVV-BD NEZ would be 100 km + like Meteor.

    In tests it had a flight distance of 300km to target using an Su-30 for target data because the launch platform was not fitted with the ZASLON-M.

    Garry , Ramjet engine enjoys a certain advantage and certain disadvantage as well.

    I know. Smile

    The advantage are is all the way active burning through out its flight , no coasting here ,

    Actually burning all the way is not an advantage at all, it increases the IR signature of the missile and creates a larger IR plume behind the weapon in flight.
    it has low volume and low weight hence meteor is a lighter missile for a longer range ,

    Actually this is also not great as it means the Meteor is large for its weight... think of how that effects a balloons ballistics...

    The reduced weight is good as the motor has to carry less weight, but the larger volume increases drag.


    It depends on how the fuel works... a powder delivered to the burning chamber could be stopped and restarted... the throttle could be reduced to the point where it is practically stopped.

    No scramjet dont stop burning once on like solid fuel dont stop and start.


    Any future jet powered AAM from Russia will be scramjet powered, which will be a much more significant step than ramjet.

    Hahaha no way for sure Laughing
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    Post  Austin Mon Oct 31, 2011 7:45 am

    GarryB wrote:Of course the other factor for the Europeans is that these radar guided missiles with very long flight ranges are all very nice, but there is no way a Euro Canard will detect an PAK FA at such ranges while the PAK FA will almost certainly be able to detect them at such ranges as to reach them with the Russian R-37M that will probably be able to hit manouvering targets at 200km (and AWACS much further out).

    Eurocanard would never beat a Su-35S in most engagement for get the PAK-FA.

    Eurocanard is more or less equal to MKI in WVR.


    Trying to justify not picking the Mig-35 are we Austin?

    Well no hope they bought that would have given us great logistical advantage and would have come cheaper , but Indian procurement is the most weirdest and ill-logical ones , no wonder we remain after 50 years the largest importer of weapons not a great thing to be in the list.

    Another strange decision is to now integrate Meteor with MKI , some things never stop Laughing
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    Post  Mindstorm Mon Oct 31, 2011 12:48 pm


    Ok first thing first the range of 48 Km is for AIM-120A which is the initial model , the AIM-120C5 has a range of ~ 110 km similar to RVV-SD , the AIM-120C7 has similar range but better ECCM.

    http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html

    So I think the goal doubling of NEZ for Meteor would be against AIM-120A model.

    The range of Meteor is quoted at 100 km+ , In one of the presentation i saw of MBDA the range of stated at 180 km i remember such figures.


    Austin do you realize to have just cited as source the ,by now,infamous designation-system article on AIM-120 ? (at now only some fanboy ,brainburned beyond any hope ,in very low level sites like F-16 . net and similaria, has still the face to even only think to cite it !!!).

    May be that you don't remember, but in one of my first posts here ,i cited just this comical, amateurish,self-embarassing article as a clear example of the galactical idiocies which ,on the wake of horrible partiality and total ignorance, begin to spread at light's speed on the net ,becoming even subliminally accepted as true .
    I cited in that istance this article (naturally of immensely different technical , professional level and ,obviously reliability ) by Richard Fisher


    [url=http://www.strategycenter.net/research/pubID.181/pub_detail.asp ]www.strategycenter.net/research/pubID.181/pub_detail.asp [/url]

    Austin now i will explain to you what comical operation those decerebrated at designation-system have maked in this ....."article".

    See the range figures that them show : 50 - 70 and 105 km , what those numbers recall to your mind ?

    ...Exact Austin , Bingo !!! Laughing Laughing Laughing

    Them have taken the figures of AIM-120C5 :50 km , AIM-120C7 :70 km , and AIM-120D (...this strange number ,105 km , in fact is simply the range figure of AIM-120C7 -70 km - with the +50% increase in engagement range expected for AIM-120D ....70+35= 105 km Very Happy ) and have bestowed them to.... AIM-120A/B and C5 !!! Laughing Laughing Laughing

    The thing i find even more hilarious is that this authenticate masterpiece of biased ignorance became in few years ,in internet, a true milestone in majority of the discussions on the subject ,naturally only to feed the odd ,Hollywoodian ideas present in the mind of the horde of childish fanboys.
    This comical garbage from designation-system has litterally canceled on internet the serious articles adn publication on the subject by names like J. Lake, R. fisher , R. Hewson etc... unbelievable Laughing Laughing Laughing

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    Post  Austin Mon Oct 31, 2011 2:25 pm

    Mindstorm thanks for clearing the air , i will read Richard Article and respond.

    Can you answer my following query

    1> How would you compare AIM-120C/D with RVV-SD , are these broadly comparable ?
    2> How much would a NEZ of RVV-BD will be against a fighter size target ? As we know for Meteor it is 100 km
    3 > Do you think the current shortrange RVV-MD is comparable to the latest in Western like Python-5 ,ASRAAM and AIM-9x or will Id 300 make it equal.

    An unrelated but can you tell me why does USAF officially says the RCS o F-22 is marble 0.0001 m2 while the PAK-FA designer mentioned it as 0.3-0.4 m2 do both Russia and US calculate RCS differently ?

    Can you also add your view to this thread
    http://russiadefence.forumotion.com/t1603-russia-develops-new-long-range-mobile-radar
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    Post  GarryB Mon Oct 31, 2011 7:13 pm

    It is still better then any thing out there and more versatile barring perhaps the R-37M and matching the RVV-BD by and large.

    But is it?

    Can it be reliably used with no risk of hitting civilian aircraft or neutral targets?

    The problem with really long range missiles is that the distance the target can move in the time the missile leaves the aircraft and arrives to an interception area to scan for targets is quite long, so any change in speed or direction of the target becomes critical.

    On paper these new missiles have longer and longer ranges, but in reality they will not be used at longer and longer ranges except against large slow targets.

    Most of the time it will be like many AMRAAM shots have been... a BVR missile used at near WVR distances with the shorter range of the engagement being quite normal in combat... no one is going to be spotting the other sides stealth and LO fighters at 200km so there will be very few long range shots of that sort.

    More often the long range missiles will be used at medium range for the advantage that gives your missile in a duel... you missile will be flying faster and have more energy and will have a much better chance of a kill.

    A Mig-29 pilot would never fire an R-73 at a target that is 40km away, they will wait till the target is 15km away and then fire... preferably in a tail shot because that maximises the probability of a kill and at the same time minimises the risk to their own aircraft... the GCI guy in the van directing the Mig-29 in the intercept will give them the attack position coordinates for the ideal attack position.

    It does not coast in flight but is powered in flight , in the end game it would matter a lot as solid rocket loses lot of energy while ramjet would remain active all through the flight , energy management is better with ramjet for similar range compared to solid fuel

    The difference between coasting and flying with a very low throttle at low altitude is moot. A very high flying rocket powered missile is travelling through very thin air of very low drag, so the rate at which it will be slowing down is not very high at all. A ramjet with engines burning all the way... well the difference is like the difference between a ballistic missile and a cruise missile, except the weight difference in this case is not that huge.

    The crucial issue is, does the missile have enough energy (ie height and speed) when it gets to the target area. Height is stored energy so a very high flying missile can gain speed by diving down on the target.

    Yes in some ways yes there is now dual propulsion motor but ramjet still remains good on many counts specially the end game energy.

    But the extra range of the Ramjet powered Meteor means the target has even more time to change direction or speed so it will likely need more energy just to reacquire the target in the terminal phase.

    ramjet gives you both weight and volume reduction and the booster is just to start the ramjet after that it is jettisioned. So it does not carry the dead weight of booster.

    Ramjets need internal volume and intakes and ducting to work. The solid rocket booster to accelerate the missile to supersonic speed is very similar to the high energy fuel in a normal rocket... similar weight and issues and costs. It is not jettisoned after use, it is designed into the structure of the missile so that when it has burnt out the space left behind becomes the ducting for the ramjet, with the intake fairings popping off to allow it to operate.

    Scramjet for BVR missile

    A key feature of a BVR AAM is speed because the faster it is the less time the target has to move out of the kill zone. Ramjets make mach 5-6 reachable, Scramjets extend that potentially to orbital speed.

    Dont think so , RVV-BD NEZ would be 100 km + like Meteor.

    The NEZ is the range at which no manned aircraft can out manouver the missile and escape... hense "no escape zone". Few aircraft can pull 8g with weapons, and no AWACS or bomber, or JSTARS, or troop transport etc etc can perform such manouvers.

    Out turning an 8g target at 200km suggests that at closer range it could do much better.

    The NEZ for the R-77 is something like 40km, which is half its max range of about 80km against low manouver capable targets. If its range was limited for export to 50km like the RVV-BD is then is it a surprise that its NEZ is close to its max range given?

    Hahaha no way for sure

    What makes you so sure?

    They are already working on a scramjet powered Brahmos II, and have been experimenting with scramjet engines for more than 3 decades now.
    The ramjet offers performance comparable to solid fuel rockets available now but ramjets are more expensive than solid rockets.
    Scramjets offer a step up in performance that they can't currently get from rockets within the size and weight parameters.

    1> How would you compare AIM-120C/D with RVV-SD , are these broadly comparable ?

    No. The AMRAAM is in much wider service with airforces trained to use it full of inventories of aircraft equipped to fire it.
    The RVV-SD can only be used by a very limited number of Russian aircraft that are actually in operational service and are likely in such small numbers in stock that in a real conflict most planes will be equipped with R-73s, and R-27s in various models.
    This is changing.

    3 > Do you think the current shortrange RVV-MD is comparable to the latest in Western like Python-5 ,ASRAAM and AIM-9x or will Id 300 make it equal.

    On paper these western weapons are far superior because they have proper thrust vectoring gimballed nozzles, and IIR FPA seekers.
    In practise the RVV-MD is a very capable missile very resistant to flares and very difficult to outrun or out turn and would be very comparable.

    In many ways the NATO shift in focus to BVR combat is because even with ASRAAM and IRIS-T and Python-5 there is a good chance both pilots will have time to launch a missile before the missile from the enemy aircraft kills them, which will likely end in a 1 all draw with two aircraft shot down.

    I300 will restore paper parity and possibly superiority in some areas, but more importantly will be able to be used from internal bays as used in the PAK FA and perhaps PAK DA.

    You do realise that I300 is Morfei? 9M100. It will be a cross platform missile... for the Navy it will be their SEA RAM, while for the Army it will be the short range self defence missile for the Vityaz, and in the AF it will be their short range AAM... a missile that might end up being used to shoot down Meteors in combat.


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    Post  Mindstorm Wed Nov 02, 2011 8:42 am

    1> How would you compare AIM-120C/D with RVV-SD ,are these broadly comparable ?

    Yes them are comparable in almost any cardinal aspect ,with the former enjoying some advantage in third party target designation and in-flight retargeting in link-16/AWACS enabled networking engagements (for the AIM-120D also a datalink much more secure against jamming) and the latter in "hard" kinematical qualities (corner speed ,terminal G limit,aerodynamic layout ergonomical efficiency etc..) and seeker's aperture ,with the consequent jamming burnout capabilty.
    Naturally you must take into account that RVV-SD is an export model.....


    2> How much would a NEZ of RVV-BD will be against a fighter size target ? As we know for Meteor it is 100 km

    Before respond to this question i must clarify an important thing : NEZ is NOT the area within which if you fire a missile it will surely hit its intended target Smile Smile (several AIM-120A and AIM-120C delivered at very close range in pasted wars has been evaded by target aircraft ,devoid of any jamming suit ,only because them became aware to be under missile attack and of its direction ....at the contrary we know that none of the downed aircraft was aware to be under attack and don't conducted any evasive manoeuvre ).
    NEZ indentify simply the variable area ,depending from environmental elements like : altitude of engagement ,overall weather conditions, temperature etc... and ,obviously, target capabilities ,within which a specific ,aware target, in spite of any manoeuvre executed (including receding at full afterburner speed long the same vector of the incoming missile in the opposite direction or long a geometrical direction disadvantageous for the interceptor) cannot exit outside the engagement envelop - "escape" - of a particular missile or render its Pk unacceptably low.

    Therefore ,taking into account that NEZ is a variable figure , we can say that a missile like RVV-BD in a mid altitude interception attempt against the typical fighter aircraft in the class of F-15 (naturally here don't are taken into account supermanoeuvrable and/or supercruising aircraft) lie in a region equal to less than 40% of its maximum range.

    The ramjet propulsion of Meteor allow the missile to capitalize a far longer burnout time ; effectively this mean that the typical speed drop experienced by other BVRAAM in the "coasting " phase and even more in the high G turns characterizing the terminal chasing phase is several times lower for this missile , a very important factor in modern engagements against very manoeuvrable targets with advanced MAWS against which the Pk of "classical" medium range missile would be very very low except in particular geometrical and energetic condition of the engagement.


    3 > Do you think the current shortrange RVV-MD is comparable to the latest in Western like Python-5 ,ASRAAM and AIM-9x or will Id 300 make it equal.

    In some features AIM-9X ,Python-5 and similaria are superior to RVV-MD (we are not sure of comparisons with domestic version of the same missile...) such as presence of IIR seeker, in-flight data channell or target's self designating capabilities in others them are substantially inferior ,like absolute G-limit ,engagement A-pole range , burn-out time and seeker homing range.
    We must never forget that AIM-9X at example was simply conceived to attempt to close a wide disadvantage with original R-73; even the same designers have never claimed the superiority over the original R-73 (still today unrivaled in some cardinal parameters worldwide !!) but simply to have designed a product capable to eliminate the disadvantage against Russian aircraft .



    http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3834/is_200001/ai_n8887442/



    Naturally the absurd problems experienced by NATO aircraft WVR (but also BVR ,in particular for the very bad surprise of the original N019 capable to effectively jam the contemporaneous AN-APG-63 up to well within the transition aerea to visual range combat..) against original ,even if outdated, versions of MiG-29s in pasted DACT exercices, was not only linked to the efficiency of the R-73/HMS combo but also to the unrivaled aerodynamic quality of the same Fulcrum , as well demonstarted even recently in the last Thracian Star 2010 exercice between Bulgarian Mig-29A devoid of HMS and R-73 and equiped only with AA.8 Aphid and opposing F-16 Block 50 with JHMCS and AiM-9X.

    Pasted articles ,in english, on the subject which can provide some other informations on what just said are :


    Roy Braybrook “Mig-29 vs F/A-18 : Keep out of dogfight” Pacific Defence Reporter

    Mig-29 downs F-16 in Mock Dogfight” Jane’s Defence Weekly November 10 1990 , pag. 922

    Joris Janssen “Mig-29 is better than F-15C “Jane’s Defence Weekly April 6 1991 , pag. 526





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