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    Project 21631: Buyan-M missile ship

    jhelb
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    Post  jhelb Thu Oct 24, 2019 8:19 pm

    Isos wrote:China develops its copies of tor, buk, s-300 but still buys s-400 because they can't make a newer system worth something. They proved they can only copy. And now they asked russia help for their ABM program. Their industry can't make something by themselves from 0. They need a basis to start from (that's why they buy russians systems.

    Developing effective air defense missile systems must be very complex then. Indian and South Africa are poor, underdeveloped countries so they can't spend much on their defense industry. But China, with all it's wealth...if they too struggle that means developing these systems is far more complex than we think.

    I read somewhere that developing the Vertical Launch System itself is an arduous task.
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    Post  GarryB Fri Oct 25, 2019 11:33 am

    What are the various technologies that go behind designing Air Defense Missiles ? I understand apart from Russia only MBDA, Israel and maybe US has mastered these technologies. But what exactly are these technologies ?

    Well by definition the smallest most mobile IADS are a modern ship like an AEGIS class cruiser, or an AWACS aircraft plus missile and gun units... normally aircraft but can include ground based systems too.

    AWACS stands for airborne warning and control system. The AWACS aircraft provides not just radars and other electronic sensors in an airborne position that eliminates radar gaps created by hills and mountains and other dead space around a ground based radar, it also has processing and prioritising of targets and threats, but also the ability to hand targets off to groups of aircraft to engage the targets.

    An IADS is the same, it uses ground and air based sensors to detect and track targets, and it then commands various air defence batteries and determines which systems should engage the targets... without this IADS then you have separate systems not working together... imagine the police force with no radios and no communication... like a sheriff in a western movie... a badge and a gun and a horse... but when things get bad he gathers up some local men also with guns and they form a posse to deal with more than one criminal at a time. These days with a radio and helicopters you can have dozens of police working together including people using phones to receive calls from the public to direct groups of police officers to where they are needed... in cases where shots have been fired or there is suspected to be a bomb threat then special dedicated units might also be sent to handle the situation.

    With an IADS it is the same... radars detect a incoming ballistic missile... it calculates the trajectory of the weapon and it looks on its own map to find an air defence system along its flight path to assign to engage the target. They will likely also try to determine the likely targets and activate the air defence systems there too. Those systems will turn on their radar and systems and will look for the target incoming threat... but that is a really easy case that most air defence systems can deal with... an IADS is designed to defend from huge numbers of simultaneous threats from low flying cruise missiles and bomber aircraft to high flying fast aircraft or missiles and everything in between... without an IADS all the systems would be working 24/7 and would all need to have their radars operating looking for threats, but with an IADS you can leave most things off so they don't reveal their position so the enemy might route a cruise missile attack through an area of low ground between a range of hills... not knowing there is a Barnaul system with 27 Verba MANPADS there that the IADS can forewarn and they can engage the threat on their own.

    Other countries develop their own systems like China, india, south korea or south africa. But they often ask for foreign help or try to copy existing systems. Wheb you don't have the industry for creating such systems you mostly try with short/medium range systems (because they are cheaper) and look for help from other countries.

    Anyone can put two 30mm cannon on an armoured vehicle... and then fit 4 or 8 MANPAD launch tubes to the sides of it and fit it with a small compact radar and EO systems... and on its own it can be reasonably effective, but deployed properly and networked in an IADS that includes a range of other systems and positioned where it can protect other platforms and they can protect it it becomes much more capable.

    And now they asked russia help for their ABM program. Their industry can't make something by themselves from 0. They need a basis to start from (that's why they buy russians systems.

    They are getting Russian help with an early warning system for China to warn if they come under attack from air and space based threats... from cruise missiles up to warheads reentering from space... from any direction.

    Saying their industry can't do that is a little harsh... basically only the US and Russia have such systems, and they are not something you can down load and run on a mobile phone... these are big expensive and horribly complex things that took decades to develop and include satellites and ground based radar and other sensors and equipment all sending information for processing and analysis to basically generate early warning of attack from anywhere for the leadership of the country.

    NATO doesn't have one... just the US and Russia.

    Developing effective air defense missile systems must be very complex then. Indian and South Africa are poor, underdeveloped countries so they can't spend much on their defense industry. But China, with all it's wealth...if they too struggle that means developing these systems is far more complex than we think.

    It is not something that just happens... you have to take the time and the money to spend to develop it and it is very expensive. UAVs and marine diesel engines and helicopter engines and aircraft engines are the same... it takes time and money invested to get a result... you could do it all on your own from scratch, but if someone offers to sell it to you.. even an old basic model like Forpost, then you say yes please...

    Now that Russia has spent money and used them in real combat they are mastering UAVs and are now about to start using UCAVs, and they are now ready to make serious naval gas turbine engines and helicopter engines on their own. Their ability with aviation technology and materials means they can improve on some of the equipment they had access to.

    China didn't have an early warning defence network and of course they could spend an enormous amount of money and take a decade or two developing it themselves, but Russia has a mature operating system and they have offered to help China with a system of their own in return for some unnamed electronics capability. So Russia gets new technology capability and China gets early warning if it comes under attack by anyone... which is good for China and good for Russia and actually for Japan and the US as well... if a conflict starts with North Korea for any reason it is much safer for everyone if China can monitor its own airspace and the airspace around it and see what is going where. If China detects weapons going over its territory towards Russia they can warn Russia and vice versa... so it means better information and warning for both sides...

    I read somewhere that developing the Vertical Launch System itself is an arduous task.

    One of the huge limitations of Patriot is its angled launcher that needs to be pointed in a direction and it can only intercept threats in a 120 degree field of view... which means you need a lot more missiles than you would otherwise need. Imagine you had a Patriot battery and you had four launchers in that battery... they cover 120 degrees each so you can use three batteries to cover 360 degrees... say you are in Saudi Arabia and you face the four launchers north because that is the direction to Iran... their perceived greatest threat. Each launcher has four missiles so while the four launcher battery has 16 missiles the detection and tracking radar can only view 120 degrees, so you either have three batteries facing three different angles to give 360 degree coverage or risk getting attacked from a blind direction.

    S-300, which has vertical launch tubes, can be directed in any direction without needing to turn the launchers or radar... even TOR has vertical launch missiles, as do the new model BUK, S-350, S-400, and S-500 and all their truck launched ballistic missiles.

    Of course Pantsir and SOSNA-R or Pine don't use vertical launch.
    jhelb
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    Post  jhelb Fri Oct 25, 2019 9:40 pm

    GarryB wrote:Well by definition the smallest most mobile IADS are a modern ship like an AEGIS class cruiser, or an AWACS aircraft plus missile and gun units... normally aircraft but can include ground based systems too.

    Actually Garry I was talking about the technologies involved in building the Air Defense Systems - missiles, radars, data links ...etc Maybe it came out wrong.
    GarryB
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    Post  GarryB Sat Oct 26, 2019 2:00 am

    Saudi Arabia had Air Defence Systems... what they also had were enormous gaps that the houthis clearly exploited, because their defence was based on individual systems working on their own not cooperating or sharing information, and also not coordinating their actions in a unified system of defence.

    Just like Syria used to have... so when an Israeli F-16 started attacking targets the local SAM was alerted but it was on its own... it had to look and find targets and work out for itself the identification of the targets it could see and then make interception decisions for itself without outside help or information.

    The creation and integration of an IADS for Syrian forces that was connected to the Russian system already operating there means everyone is working together... all radar sites add to the radar picture over the territory being protected and information about threats and targets is not just shared, but the command structure means an incoming target can be engaged by the most suitable system on its way through defended territory and other sites can be prewarned and prepared if the first sites fail to intercept for what ever reason. The Syrian air defences suddenly became very potent and effective that the Juice had to change tactics and either pretend to be American aircraft using American codes (which the Americans publicly objected to obviously because it puts their legitimate aircraft at risk when they do that), or they launched attacks from amongst the mountain ranges of nearby countries without entering Syrian airspace using stand off weapons.

    The missiles and gun systems of Saudi Arabia were much more numerous, much more expensive, and on the whole more capable in terms of being much newer and supposedly high tech western systems, though in practise they were totally ineffective because you can't shoot down what you don't see.

    These weren't super high tech drones and missiles... the price of one Israeli F-35 would likely pay for the entire operation against the Saudis and included generous pensions for all the planners for the rest of their lives... which I think you will agree they deserved...

    The cheap stuff got through and the expensive stuff needs to be fired on mass for a few to slip through occasionally... mainly where the target is defended by individual vehicles which of course are vulnerable to being overwhelmed.

    The difference between a group of air defence systems placed together and an IADS is like the difference between a WWII battleship and an AEGIS class cruiser.

    Note the best western IADS are on ships generally. Their best SAMs are naval based missiles.
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    Post  ult Sat Dec 28, 2019 2:38 pm

    Ingushetia has been commissioned.



    https://crimea.ria.ru/society/20191228/1117807253/V-sostav-ChF-voshel-noveyshiy-raketnyy-korabl-Ingushetiya.html
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    Post  PapaDragon Mon Mar 30, 2020 6:16 pm


    Another extra feature, Buyans just keep getting more and more​ useful thumbsup

    Russia’s Project 21631 Buyan-M Corvettes Fitted With Mines

    https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2020/03/russias-project-21631-buyan-m-corvettes-fitted-with-mines/

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    Post  mnztr Thu Apr 16, 2020 6:17 am

    The Buyans are sharp and deadly little ships. Its intersting to see how Russia turns them into mini destoryers while its larger ship programs struggle to build numbers. Ships have constantly become smaller and deadlier. Considering this small ships can strike from 1500 KM away is pretty incredible.
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    Post  PapaDragon Sun Jun 14, 2020 11:36 pm


    Graviron was sent to factory trials

    https://sdelanounas.ru/blogs/133344/

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    Post  PapaDragon Wed Jun 17, 2020 4:10 am


    Veliky Ustug passing Saratov on Volga

    Project 21631: Buyan-M missile ship - Page 18 16-8745297-jc0oburqsmg
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    Post  hoom Sat Jul 11, 2020 2:26 pm

    Veliky Ustig at full speed (not sure when, maybe pre-commissioning trials?)
    Project 21631: Buyan-M missile ship - Page 18 09-8816361-dn0ppws6-xc

    Apparently its on the way to St Petersburg for Navy day/transfer to Baltic Fleet.

    I wonder when we'll get a peek at the progress on the Pantsir-M armed final batch?
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    Post  ult Fri Jul 31, 2020 4:06 pm

    9th ship of the class Grayvoron is on its way to the Black Sea.

    Project 21631: Buyan-M missile ship - Page 18 ZIK7NME

    Project 21631: Buyan-M missile ship - Page 18 M2nLhGD

    http://www.zdship.ru/press-center/news-events/4151/

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    Rodion_Romanovic
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    Post  Rodion_Romanovic Thu Aug 27, 2020 11:16 pm

    According to this interview the displacement of new 21631 should increase from about 900 tons to more than 1300 and they will have 2 UKSK launchers instead of one.

    https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/9300717

    In addition they say that also gepard class has a future and could host 3 UKSK launchers

    "We have proposed for two projects 21631 and 11661 a concept with an increase in displacement. On Buyans, for example, we proposed to put 16 launchers, instead of 8. And on Cheetahs we proposed expanding missile weapons to 24 launchers," Mistakhov said.

    (...)

    "In particular, at 11661, we proposed to put two UKSK, eight cells each, behind the navigating bridge, in the middle of the ship's hull, and another UKSK will stand in the bow. This proposal is very interesting for the Navy," the head of Ak Bars said.
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    Post  ult Thu Aug 27, 2020 11:38 pm

    Rodion_Romanovic wrote:According to this interview the displacement of new 21631 should increase from about 900 tons to more than 1300 and they will have 2 UKSK launchers instead of one.

    https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/9300717

    In addition they say that also gepard class has a future and could host 3 UKSK launchers

    "We have proposed for two projects 21631 and 11661 a concept with an increase in displacement. On Buyans, for example, we proposed to put 16 launchers, instead of 8. And on Cheetahs we proposed expanding missile weapons to 24 launchers," Mistakhov said.

    (...)

    "In particular, at 11661, we proposed to put two UKSK, eight cells each, behind the navigating bridge, in the middle of the ship's hull, and another UKSK will stand in the bow. This proposal is very interesting for the Navy," the head of Ak Bars said.

    That's their wishful thinking. I don't think that Russian MoD is interested, especially considering the recent order of 12 20380/5 and 2 22350. And the work on 22350M and a new destroyer. The plan is to gradually move to bigger ships, now that there is enough corvettes.
    Isos
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    Post  Isos Thu Aug 27, 2020 11:50 pm

    They will be more than interested.

    They have a little amount of such new ships and in the same time they have less and less soviet ships in service.

    They have 5 fleets to spread them in and at the end they have 3 or 4 of them in each fleet if not less today.

    The lonely UKSK on each system is also not enough. If they only had truck mounted kalibr in service in good numbers it would be ok but they don't. Even if they had 60 of such ships it would mean 12 or so in each fleet which still low. Increasing UKSK number on missile boats is better than buying two of them for each missile boat with 2 uksk.

    Big ships will come very slowly.

    The other option is to buy trucks with 6 kalibrs whuch is the cheap way.
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    Post  SeigSoloyvov Fri Aug 28, 2020 1:53 am

    With the Karakuts coming into play plus other corvette types there will be no interest. Russia is not looking to build hundreds of corvettes.

    Its just the shipbuilder looking for money

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    Post  LMFS Fri Aug 28, 2020 2:06 am

    Karakurt and Buyan have different sea keeping properties and therefore are intended for different fleets...
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    Post  ult Fri Aug 28, 2020 2:15 am

    Isos wrote:They will be more than interested.

    They have a little amount of such new ships and in the same time they have less and less soviet ships in service.

    They have 5 fleets to spread them in and at the end they have 3 or 4 of them in each fleet if not less today.

    The lonely UKSK on each system is also not enough. If they only had truck mounted kalibr in service in good numbers it would be ok but they don't. Even if they had 60 of such ships it would mean 12 or so in each fleet which still low. Increasing UKSK number on missile boats is better than buying two of them for each missile boat with 2 uksk.

    Big ships will come very slowly.

    The other option is to buy trucks with 6 kalibrs whuch is the cheap way.

    Russian Navy is not interested in Gepards and has never been, and it replaced Buyan-M's with Karakuts. Because 21631 have freaking pumpjets and they are useless in the North and Pacific fleets. Improving them would basically result in another Karakut, for no other reason except Ak Bars's greed and desire to keep all of the orders on their shipyard. 3rd type of MRK because why? While for the first time you can actually see that Russian Navy commanders are sick of it and just trying to order more of the same stuff in large quantities.

    Both projects are useless propositions which should not even be discussed. And if they ever become a reality, it would be for no other reason than corruption.
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    Post  ult Fri Aug 28, 2020 2:21 am

    LMFS wrote:Karakurt and Buyan have different sea keeping properties and therefore are intended for different fleets...

    Karakuts will be serving in the same fleets as Buyan-M's, plus the Pacific Fleet. They are basically the same, except Karakuts have much better air defense and sea-going properties. And they don't have any foreign components, like German or Chinese engines. And there is also Karakut project with 16 UKSK and a lot of extra stuff. Why would they choose Buyan-M over it?

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    Post  LMFS Fri Aug 28, 2020 2:49 am

    ult wrote:Karakuts will be serving in the same fleets as Buyan-M's, plus the Pacific Fleet. They are basically the same, except Karakuts have much better air defense and sea-going properties. And they don't have any foreign components, like German or Chinese engines. And there is also Karakut project with 16 UKSK and a lot of extra stuff. Why would they choose Buyan-M over it?

    I was not exact, I meant that Buyan are not ocean-going vessels. I don't know if the Karakurt will be serving in the Caspian sea too, but the Buyan will definitely not go to the oceanic fleets. With that I don't imply the VMF will buy the 16 cells version for the Buyan, I have no information about it. Of course AK Bars is trying to get a bigger share of the naval business, that is clear.
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    Post  Isos Fri Aug 28, 2020 9:57 am

    SeigSoloyvov wrote:With the Karakuts coming into play plus other corvette types there will be no interest. Russia is not looking to build hundreds of corvettes.

    Its just the shipbuilder looking for money

    They have around 70 Soviet corvettes/missile boats that are becoming more and more obsolete. As of now they haven't bought enough Seregourchshy/Buyan/karakurt to replace all of them. As you can see they already ordered 8 more Steregoyshchy abd they will keep ordering karakurts with 16 uksk cells.

    Gepard are good for export. They could sell sole to Greece or Egypt both of which woukd get access to the land attack cruise missile Kalibr to threaten Turkey and Israel.
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    Post  Arrow Fri Aug 28, 2020 10:02 am

    But the current corvettes and frigates have incomparably greater firepower. During the USSR, only the largest cruisers had such capabilities. Currently, every new ship in the Russian Navy has USKS launchers and will be able to carry 3M22 and different caliber versions.

    When are the construction of the Karakut with 16 USKS to begin?
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    Post  Isos Fri Aug 28, 2020 10:20 am

    That's also true for bigger ship and not just russian. They also hace better AD system and more missile because they reduced their size. It's also true for ground AD and fighter jets that can carry any missile you want (anti ship, land attack, air to air, bombs) at the same time.

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    Post  Arrow Fri Aug 28, 2020 10:24 am

    Of course, therefore, the armament of the previous generation is not replaced in a 1: 1 ratio. It is similar in the air or ground forces. Fewer planes are needed now. One S-400 covers sectors like several S-300PS battalions
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    Post  hoom Fri Aug 28, 2020 12:18 pm

    displacement of new 21631 should increase from about 900 tons to more than 1300 and they will have 2 UKSK launchers instead of one.
    Pretty weird suggestion.

    On the one hand, yes having managed to shoe-horn a UKSK & other changes into an expanded version of the original Buyan, the extra volume needed to stick in a 2nd UKSK module seems little.
    But on the other a 50% displacement increase to do it means they ran into a vicious cycle issue -> it becomes silly.

    With 12 ordered & operating in 3 fleets I can see them buying another batch of 6 to make a 6 boat squadron in each of Baltic, Black & Caspian fleets.
    The last 3 of the existing order are with Pantsir-M & I think that probably should be the maximum extent of upgrades.
    I say build another 6 of the Pantsir-M variant -> 9 of each, giving opportunity for various rational fleet dispositions & enough numbers for decent logistics. (maybe a good excuse to early retire Caspian Buyan & Gepards for better logistics)
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    Post  Mig-31BM2 Super Irbis-E Fri Sep 11, 2020 8:35 am

    Is it safe with Pantsir-M?

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